Air Pollution Review 1958 - 59 - ACS Publications - American

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W. L. FAITH Air Pollution Foundation, San Marino, Calif.

Air Pollution Review 1958

-59

Volume of literature dealing with concentration and determination of specific pollutants has increased markedly Greater emphasis was given to automobile exhausts, with the State of Cplifornia adopting standards for emissions of CO and hydrocarbons Presence of radioactive materials in the atmosphere and in industrial wastes was widely covered Training courses and training manuals for pollution control and abatement personnel received great interest T H E air pollution literature is only beginning to come of age. T h e quantity is increasing, but, except in a few areas, the quality leaves much to be desired. I n many cases, the reports of greatest importance are not published in air pollution journals, but in those dealing with the basic science or engineering field involved-e.g., chemistry, physics, meteorology, biology, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. This review of the air pollution literature of 1958 and 1959 is a continuation of Kay’s excellent review for 1956 and 1957 (I/EC, August 1958, page 1175). I t includes primarily those articles in which a specific application to air pollution is made by the author. All of these are not cited, as the reviewer has generally eliminated material clearly nonscientific and nonengineering.

General Two new journals appeared during the biennium. A i r Engineering ( I A ) , published monthly (first issue, April 1959), covers air pollution control, air moving, and air conditioning. T h e International Journal of Air Pollution (7A), first published in October 1958, and with five issues by the end of 1959, contains largely reports of original research. A new book of a general nature by Faith ( 5 A ) is directed to the intelligent layman and the technically trained who are not specialists in air pollution. Levine has translated four Russian books into English ( 7 4 4 , ZOA). Various journals continued to publish abstracts of air pollution literature in their specialties. T h e broadest coverage was made by APCA Abstracts, published by the Air Pollution Control Association (2A). In November 1958 these abstracts were expanded by contract with the U. S. Public Health Service to include abstracts made available by the Library of

Congress, principally from medical and foreign journals. Chemical Abstracts renamed its Section 14 “Water, Wastes, and Air Pollutants.” Borderline material is still abstracted in other appropriate sections, but cross-referenced in Section 14. Volume I1 of the “Air

Conference Conference on Man os. Environment (sponsored by USPHS) Second National Air Pollution Research Planning Seminar Conference on the Mechanical Engineer’s Contribution to Clean Air (London) Third Southern California Conference on Elimination of Air Pollution

Ref. (4A) (18A) (6A)

(SA)

Pollution Bibliography” ( Q A ) , prepared by the Library of Congress, contains the abstracts of articles that appeared in the period 1952-58. Proceedings of several air pollution conferences, not otherwise published in

journals, became available. Most noteworthy was the “Proceedings of the National Conference on Air Pollution” ( 7 7 A ) , a 526-page excellent resume of the state of knowledge of air pollution in 1958. Other conferences for which proceedings were published included:

Conference Third Aerosol Congress of the German Council for Aerosol Research Air and Water Pollution in the Iron and Steel Industry (London) Symposium on Particulate Emissions in Air Pollution Annual Conference on Clean AirLlandudno Annual Conference on Clean AirHastings

Ref. (12-4) (8A)

(13.4) (11A)

(10A)

The Taft Sanitary Engineering Center of the U. S. Public Health Service conducted several training courses for air pollution personnel ; course manuals were published on source sampling and analysis (79A) and control methods for

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967

Here i s a practical demonstration of smoke control equipment. On the left smoke from coal-fired boilers flows unchecked from the stack at Western Electric’s power plant at Baltimore, Md. On the right can be seen marked evidence of the effectiveness of two electrostatic precipitators located at the base of the stack on which these units are turned. Stack was clear of visible smoke after only 39 seconds

air pollution sources ( 7 5 A ) . -4 course in induqtrial hygiene, of interest to air pollution personnel, was held dt the Occupational Health Field Headquarters of the C . S . Public Health Service in Cincinnati. The course manual was called “The Industrial Environment-Its Evaluation and Control” (76‘4).

Urban Air Pollution The nature of the air pollution problem in many localities was assessed during 1958 and 1959 and was reported both in general articles and reports of surveys. The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) published a report on the analyses of suspended particulate matter from the first five years of operation of its Sational Air Sampling Network (98B) and, later. a statistical analysis of the data (703B). Special reports on the protein content of the atmosphere (7ZB), organic particulate matter (89B), and metals in particulates ( Q I B ) were also published. USPHS also published a register of air pollution analyses, as of Jan. 1. 1956 (99B). This record of community air sampling and analyses in the United States did not shobv data. but listed by sample categories the organizations making the tests, inclusive dates, number of stations, the sampling sched-

ule, and a reference to the location of the data. Critical reviews of air pollution regtilations in the United States (67B,84B) and in Great Britain (79B, I O I B ) appeared. A digest of state air pollution laws was published (85B).T h e 1958 report of the Alkali Inspector of England and Scotland (5B) described experience with Britain’s Clean Air Act. The Engineers Joint Council published a policy statement on air pollution and its control ( 9 B ) . A roster of governmental air pollution agencies, as of Sept. 1, 1959, was published (7B). In California, the State Department of Public Health developed and published standards for the allowable concentrations of SOZ, CO, particulate matter, and photochemical reacrants in the ambient atmosphere (78B). Several discussions of the standards also appeared (4B, 39B, 7OB). The air pollution disaster-prevention program of Los Angeles County was reviewed (73B).

Meteorological Problems The atmospheric transport of pollutants was studied intensively, both by observation of smoke and radioactive plumes and by theoretical mathematical studies of atmospheric diffusion. At-

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mospheric tracers were used in several studies: two new tracer materials were (73C, 23C). There were proposed several general articles on the relationship of meteorological variables to air pollution. Other articles included a study of the elTects or the ratio of stack to building heights (342).a nomographic method of calculating ground level pollution from stacks ( 3 3 C ) , processes of wind erosion and transport of fine dust particles ( 7 4 7 , transport of SO2 (TIC), transport of nuclear bomb debris (32C), effect of pollution on solar radiation (26C), and the use of meteorological data in air pollution surveys (29C) and in site selection (GC).

Tu ble I.

Industrial Abatement Activities Industry Ref. Foundries and metal- ( l E , 13E, 39E, 44E, working plants 45E, @ E , 60B, Calcium carbide plants Ferrous allov alants Steam powe; plants Steel mills

Petroleum refineries Carbon black plants Grinding operations Coke ovens Smelters Sulfur mines Sulfuric acid manufacture Ceramic works Cement works Kraft mills Chemical and pharmaceutical operations Viscose spinning Abrasive works

54E)

(LE. 32E) ( S G , OG, ’ I i G , 2 6 G , 27G. 33G) (%E6 , E , 8E, ICE, I T E , IOE, Z O E , 23E, 54E, % E , 40E, ClE, 45E, 47E, 69E) (6E, 7 E , 10E, 1 1 E , 15E, 28E, M E , 52E, 57E)

A I R POLLUTION Table II.

Dust and Fume Separation Ref. Subject

Basic principles and theoretical studies of dust separation Efficiency and performance data Cyclones

( d F , 6 F , 16F, 18F, dSF, 26F, S6F, 40F, 41F, 45F, 49F, 61F, 69F, 8OF)

( I F , 1 8 F , 5 5 F . 82F, 78F. 79F. 8 1 F )

Filters Scrubbers Electrostatic precipitators ‘r

New types of equipment Mechanical separator Glass-cloth filter Ceramic 5.lter Wet scrubber Spray system Glass-fiber mat Modified cyclone Abatement of road dust Fume agglomeration by electromagnetic radiation Maintenance problems Dust suppression in coal handling Applications of dustcollecting equipment Continuous slag wool filter Abatement by process changes Gas cleaning by ultrasonic methods Selection of dust and fume collectors Evaluation of filters Evaluation of filter media Descriptions and reviews of dust-collecting equipment Specifying fly-ash collectors

(SF)

(SlF, 50F)

( 4 F , 27F-29F, S 8 F , 48F, 58F, 59F

( 8 F , Q F ,6SF-67F)

(75F) U Q F , SOP, 44F. 4 7 F , 68F, 7OF) , (65F) (73F) ( 2 1 F , 2 5 F , S7F, 5 2 F , 6 8 F , 82F-84F) (74F)

Effects of Air Pollution Various lists of the effects of air pollution have been published, but all may be classified as economic, health, or nuisance effects. T h e mechanism and rate of corrosion by atmospheric SO2 were studied (80, 7 7 0 , 2 0 0 , 9 6 0 ) . New materials that resist atmospheric corrosion were described ( 4 2 0 ) .

Methods of Abatement T h e general air pollution problems of many industries and methods used to correct them have been discussed widely {Table I). A general survey of current practices and costs of air pollution abatement was published (76E). An excellent evaluation of the economics of the Pittsburgh program also appeared (&E).

Dust and F u m e Separation. Abatement of industrial dust, fumes, and particulate matter was discussed from several viewpoints (Table 11). T w o books (77F, 77F) dealing primarily with dust suppression and collection were published. Bibliographies of interest appeared in the I/EC annual Unit Operations Reviews and Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Reviews. Pertinent subjects in the March 1958 issue, Part 11, were properties and measurement of particulates and classification and collection (both on page 484). T h e same two subjects appeared in the March 1959 issue, Part I1 (page 397); there also were listed references to aerosol filtration (pages 360 to 361), aerosols and smokes (pages 419 and 420), and particles and powders (page 4 2 1 ) . Smoke a n d Fly Ash Abatement. Many of the articles on smoke are primarily a rehash. However, performance data on stack sprays (3G) and a study of the combustion of smoke (33G) were published. T h e preparation ( 7 7G) and performance (9G) of smokeless fuels were described. Costs of cleaning coal by various methods was discussed (26G). Data on fly ash disposal were collected

(27G). Several reviews on incinerator design appeared. Performance and design data on several types of incinerators were published. Methods of disposal of wood waste were studied critically. Gas a n d O d o r Abatement. The most important gaseous air pollutant, judged from the space devoted to discussing the problem, is S 0 2 . Various processes for its abatement were reviewed and evaluated, but none appeared to be economic. Several methods for reducing nitrogen oxides and gaseous fluorine compounds were developed. Systems for abatement of organic vapors by catalytic combustion, by smokeless flaring, and by adsorption were described.

Special Air Pollution Problems Automobile Exhaust. T h e interest and emphasis on automobile exhaust as a source of air pollution was intensified during 1958 and 1959. Automotive sources of hydrocarbons, in addition to exhaust gases, were studied, particularly crankcase emissions (7K) and carburetor evaporation losses (58K). Considerable interest was shown in the relationship between gasoline composition and emission of olefinic hydrocarbons in exhaust. Different procedural methods yielded different results. Work on the control of exhaust emissions increased markedly, but few results were published. T h e State of California adopted standards for the emissions of CO and hydrocarbons from motor vehicles (20K). Several general articles on

control methods appeared. Specific reports dealt with direct-flame afterburners and catalytic oxidation systems. Control of nitrogen oxide emissions was also studied. Proper maintenance and carburetor adjustment were proposed as partial control methods. T h e diesel smoke and fumes problem received less attention than automobile exhaust. Some work was reported on factors affecting emissions. Several articles described effective control methods. Radioactivity. T h e problem of increased radioactivity in the atmosphere continued to receive worldwide notice. T h e impact of ionizing radiation on health was discussed thoroughly. An excellent handbook on radiation hygiene appeared (IOK). Articles pertinent to air pollution dealt with radioactive waste disposal generally (25K, 44K, 66K, 70K, 93K, 96K), containment of radioactive gases (7K, 43K, 97K) and aerosols (4K, 67K), and analyses of dust and soil samples for radioactive fallout (77K, 27K, 32K, 49K, 50K, 64K,

8OK). Bibliography General (1A) A i r Eng., Business News Publishing Go., 450 W. Fort St., Detroit, Mich. (2A) A P C A Abstracts, Air Pollution Control Assoc., 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh 13, Pa. (3A) Calif. State Chamber Commerce, “Proc. 3rd Southern Calif. Conf. on Elimination of Air Pollution,” Nov. 21, 1957. (4A) Faber, H. A., ed., “Proc. Conf. on Man us. Environment,” Washington, D. C., May 1958. (5A) Faith, W. L., “Air Pollution Control,” Wiley, New York, 1959. (GA) Inst. Mech. Engrs., London, “Proc. Conf. on the Mechanical Engineer’s Contribution to Clean Air,” 1957. (7A) Intern. J . A i r Pollulion, Pergamon Press, 122 E. 55th St., New York 22, N. Y. (8A) Iron Steel Inst. (London), Spec. Rept. No. 61 (1958). (9A) Jacobius, A . J., others, “The Air Pollution Bibliography,” Vol. 11, Library of Congr. Sci. and Tech. Div., W’ashington, D. C., 1959. (10A) Natl. SOC. Clean Air, London, “Proc. Hastings Conf., 1957.” (11A) Natl. SOC. Clean Air, London, “Proc. Llandudno Conf., 1958.” (12A) Nuckel, H., “New Developments in Aerosol Research in the Years 19551957,” K. Schattauer, Stuttgart, 1958. (13A) “Particulate Emission,” J. Franklin Inst. Monograjbh No. 4 (MarchA958). (14A) Ryazanov, V. A., ed., Limits of Allowable Concentrations of Atmospheric Pollutants,” Book 1, 1952, Book 2, 1955, Book 3, 1957, transl. B. S. Levine, U. S. Dept. Commerce, Ofice Tech. Serv., Washington, D. C. (15A) U. S. Public Health Serv., “Control Methods for Air Pollution Sources,” Course Manual, Robert A. Taft Sanit. Eng. Center (April 1958). (16A) U. S. Public Health Serv., Publ. No. 614 (1958). (17A) Ibid., No. 654 (1959). VOL. 52, NO. 1 1

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(18A) U. S. Public Health Serv., “Proc. 2nd Air Pollution Research Planning Seminar,” Robert A . Taft Sanit Eng. Center, 1958. (19A) U. S. Public Health Serv., “Source Sampling and Analysis--Air Pollution Training,” Course Manual, Robert A. Taft Sanit. Eng. Center (1958). (20A) Uzhov, V. K.,“Sanitary Protection of Atmospheric Air: Purification of Industrial Discharge Gases from Suspended Substances,” transl. B. S.Levine, 59-21092, U. S. Dept. Commerce, Office Tech. Serv., Washington. D. C., 1959. Urban Air Pollution

(1B) Air Pollution Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa., “1 959-60 Directory, Governmental Air Pollution .4gencies.” (4B) Air Pollution Foundation, San Marino, Calif., Newsletter, NovemberDecember 1959. (5B) Alkali, Etc., Works, Chief Inspectors of, “Ninety-Fifth Annual Report, 1958,” H.M. Stationary Office: London, 1959. (9B) Bishop, C. A . , Proc. A m . Sac. Civil Engrs., J. Sanit. Eng. Di3. 84(SAI), 1541 (February 1958). (12B) Chambers, L. A , , Tabor, E. C., Foter, M. J., Robert A. Taft Sanit. Eng. Center Tech. R e p . A58-9 (1958). (13B) Chandhuri. J. C., Sci. and Culture (Calcutta) 23, 533-5 (1958). (18B) Christy, W. .4., Znd. Wastes 4, No. 5, 131-5 (1959). (39B) Grushko, Ia. M., Dikun, P. P., others, Gigiena i S a d . 23, 7-10 (1958). (67B) Manufacturing Chemists‘ Assoc., Washington, D. C., “Rational Approach T o Air Pollution Legislation” (1958). (70B) Merrill, M. H., “Air Quality for California Communities,” Western Ind. Health Conf., Los Angeles, Calif., October 1959. (79B) Opie, C. M., J . Inst. Fuel 32, 421-5 (1959). (84B) Rogers, S. M., J . Azr Pollution Control Assoc. 7, No. 4, 308-15 (1958). (85B) Rogers, S. M., Edelman, S., U. S. Public Health Serv. Publ. No. 711 (1959). (89B) Tabor, E. C., Hauser, T., Lodge, J. P., Burttschell, R . H., A.M.A. Arch. Znd. Health 17, KO. 1, 58-63 (1958). (91B) Tabor, E. C.: Warren, W. V., Ibid., 17, No. 2, 145-51 (1958). f98B) U. S. Public Health Serv.. Publ.

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13B) Zimmer, C. E., Tak Stern, .4. C., 52nd ,4nn. Meeting, Air Pollution Control Assoc.; Los Angeles, Calif., 1959.

Meteorological Problems

(6C) Danis, A. L., Eng. Progr. Univ. Florida, Bull. Ser. No. 83 10, NO. 9, (1 956). (11C) Gartrell, F. E., Thomas, F. W., Carpenter, S. B., Natl. Acad. Sci.Natl. Research Council Publ. No. 652, 63-8 (1959). (13C) Haines, F. G., Hemeon, W. C. L., Cember, H., J . A i r Pollution Control Assoc. 7, NO. 4, 262-5 (1958). (14C) Hilst, G. R., Nickola, P. W., Bull. A m . Mefeorol. Soc. 40, 73-7 (1959). (23C) Robinson, E., Macleod, J. A . . Lagple, C. E., J . Meteorol. 16, 63-7 (19991. \-. - - / -

(26C) Sheppard, P. A., Intern. J . A i r Pollution 1, No. 1 / 2 , 31-43 (1958). (29C) Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif., “The Uses of Meteorological Data’ in Large Scale Air Pollution Surveys” (1958).

970

(32C) Storebo, P. B., J . Meteorol. 16, 600-8 (1959). (33C) Strauss, W., Woodhouse, G., Brit. Chem. Eng. 3, 620-2 (1958). (34C) Strom, G., 51st Ann. Meeting, Air Pollution Control Assoc., Philadelphia, Pa., 1958. Effects of Air Pollution

(8D) Aziz, P. M., Godard, H. P.. C o r r n c i n n 15, 39-43 (October l Y 3 Y ) . (17D) Bowen, F. J., Ch-opp: A . H., Zbid., 14, NO. 12, 50-4 (19:58). (20D) Chandler, K. ii., Gas World 150, 7-12 (September 1959). (42D) Friedl, E. B., Nowacki, L. J., Safranek, W. H.. I1esip.n Ene. Conf., .4m. Soc. Mech: Engys., N& York; 1959. (96D) Sanyal, B., Bhadwar, D. V., J. Sci. Znd. Research (India) 18A, 69-74 (February 1958).

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Methods of Abatement

(1E) Angus, H . T., Brit. Cast Iron Research Assoc. J. Research and Develop. 7, 325-9 (1958). (2E) Bishop, C. A., Campbell, W. W., Bicentennial Conf.: Am. SOC. Mech. Engrs., Pittsburgh, Pa., April 1959. (3E) Blackmore, S. S., Znd. Wastes 3, No. 3, 73-8 (1958). (4E) Bourne, H. G., Heating, Piping, A i r Condztioning 30, 139-41 (1958). (5E) Brooks, S. H., Calvert, W. J., Iron Steel Inst. (London) Spec. Rept. No. 61, 5-15 (1958). (6E) Chappellet, F., A i r Eng. 1, No. 6, 23-5, 51 (1959). (7E) Chilton, C. H., Chem. Eng. 65, No. 25, 65-70 (1958). (8E) Colclough, T . P., J . Iron Steel Inst. (London) 189, 113-24 (June 1958). (9E) Conlon, J. F., Chem. Eng. 66, No. 16, 113-24 (1959). (IO€) Daniels, E. K., Lutz, J. R., Castler, L. A , , Proc. A m . Petrol. Znst. Sect. I11 38, 282-92 (1958). (,11E) Deckert, I. S., Lunche, R., Murray, R . C., J . A i r Pollution Control Assoc. 8. NO. 3. 223-33 (1958). (12E) Dutkiewicz, T., Kesy, I., Piotrowski, J., Roczniki Paristwowego Zakladu Hig. 9, 543-8 (1958). (13E) Eaves, T. R.. Brit. Cast Iron Rerearch Assoc. J . Research and Develop. 7, 335-7 (1958). (14E) Eisenhart, L. W., Znstr. and Automatzon 31, 260-4 (1958). (15E) Ells, F. J., A m . Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 19, 313-16 (1958). (16E) Faith, W. L., Chem. Eng. Progr. 55, No. 3, 38-43 (1959). (17E) Gillings, D. W., Znstr. and Automation 31, 256-9 (1958). (18E) Green, A. T., Claycraft 31, 270-1 (1958). (19E) Guthmann, K., Iron and Coal Trades Rev. 178, 831-8 (1959). (20E) Guthmann, K., Radex Rundschau 6, 253-76 (1958). (21E) Hama, G. M., A i r Eng. 1, No. 2, 43-6, 50 (1959). (22E) Hargrave, J. H. D., Snowball, A. F.. Can. Mining M e t . Bull. 52. 359-71 (1959). (23E) Havelka, M., Hutnickd listy 13, No. 9, 778-85 (1958). (24E) Hudson, J. H., M e d . Oflcer 98, 351-6 (1957). (25E) Johnson, W. C., Kempe, L. L., J . Air Pollution Control Assoc. 9, No. 1, 32-5, 37-41 (1959). (26E) Jones, G. A , , Coke and Gas 20, 71-5 ’ (1958). (27E) Karymov, M., Trudy Leningrad. Sanii. Gigien. M e d . Inst. 44, 65-72 (1958). (28E) Kirbv. A. W., J . Znst. Petrol. 44, -329 (1958)‘. ~~

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(29E) Kohl, A. L., Riesenfeld, F. C., Chem. Eng. 66, No. 12, 127-78. (30E) Lardieri, N. J., Paper Trade J . 142, 28-33 (April 1958). (31E) Lee, G. W.,Graham, J. P., Iron Steel Inst. (London), Spec. Rep. N o . 61, 51-5 (1958). (32E) MacKay, J. S.,Kearns, J. F., Paper No. 59-PBC-6, Bicentennial Conf., Am. SOC. Mech. Engrs., Pittsburgh, Pa., April 1959. (33E) Manferdini, J. A., McBride, T . T.. IXD. ENG. CHEM.51, 89A (December 1959). (34E) Meadley, A. H., Colvin, J. G., Gamble, H. J., Iron Steel Znst. (London), Spec. Rept. N o . 61, 39-48 (1958). (35E) Mezentsev, I., Koks i Khim. 1958, NO. 4, pp. 28-30. (36E) Miller, P. D., Hibshman, H. J., Connell, J. R . , Prod. ‘4m. Petrol. h t . Sect. IIZ 38, 276-81 (1958). (37E) Muller, P. H., Z. Erzbergbau u. Metallhuttenw. 12, 400-5 (1959). (38E) Parker. A,, J . Iron Steel Insf. (London) 189, 297-302 (1958). (39E) Parrish, R. B., Brit. Cast Iron Research Assoc. J . Research and Develop. 7, 338-42 (\I 95R’I ---i-

(40E) Pier, H. M., Con1 Utilization 12, 28-31 (May 1958). (41E) Pracht.. E.,, Stahl u. Eisen 79, 283-90 (19 59). 142E) Purcell. P. R.. Williams. T. H.. ‘ rrdn Steel Inst. (London), Spec. k e p t . N O : 61. 56-66 (1958). (43Ej Purvahce, $V. T., Chem. Eng. Progr. 55, NO. 7, 49-53 (1959). (44E) Rehm, F. R., A i r Eng. 1, No. 1 , 31-7, 64 (1959). (45E) Riggi, A., Giesserei 45, 575-82 (1958). (46E) Sanders, D. S., Mining Congr. J . 44, 55-8,72 (March 1958). (47E) Sarrgent, K. H., Iron and Coa Trades Rev. 178. KO. 4729. 79-85. f48E) Schmidt. A.. Bicentennial Conf.. Am. SOC.Mech. Engrs., Pittsburgh, Pa., April 1959. (49E) Shaw, F. M., Brit. Cast Iron Research J . Research and Develop. 7, 330-4 (1958). (50E) Shaw, F. M., Fuel Econ. Rev. 37, 41-9 (1959). (51E) Snowball, A. F., J . A i r Pollution Control. Assoc. 9, No. 2, 54-8. (52E) Stormont, D. H., Oil Gas J . 56, ’ 871-102 (i95sj. (53E) Streight, H. R. L., Eng. J. (Montreal) 41, 69-78 (1958). (54E) Sully, A. H., Stoch, C. M., Slater, J. M., Brit. Foundrymnn 52, 196-211 (1959). (55E) Tehbens, B. D., Morley, M. J., A m . Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J . 19, 229-32 (1958). (56E) Varlamov, M. L., Manakin, G. A., Starosel’skii, Y . I., Zhur. Priklad. Khim. 31, 172-9 (1958). (57E) Vivian, C. H., Compressed Ai7 M a g . 63, 17-23 (September 1958). (58E) Wood, J. Q. (to Phillips Petroleum C o . ) , U . S. Patent 2,886,567 (May 12, 1959). (59E) Wurts, T. C., “Ninth Annual Report of Activities for the Year Ending May 31, 1958,” Bur. Smoke Control, A411egheny County, Pa. \

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Dust a n d Fume Separation (1F) Allander, C. G., Staub (Dusseldorf) 18, 15-18 (January 1958). (2F) Allander, C. G., T e k . Tidskr. 89, 92-7

‘ (january 1959). (3F) .4rcher, W. E., Chem. Eng. 65, No. 25, 188-92 (1958). (4F) .4rlidge, P. E., Sanitarian (London) 66, 239-44 (1958). (5F) Bainbridge, C. A,, Chem. @ Process Eng. (London) 40, 8-10 (1959). ’

A I R POLaUTlON (6F) Barth, W., Staub 19, 175-80 (May 1959). (7p) ,Berndt, F., Wendlandt, H . G. (to Spinnfaser Akt.-Ges.), U. S. Patent 2,899,267 (August 11, 1959). (8F) Billings, C. E., Kurker, C., Silverman, L., J . A i r Pollution Control Assoc. 8, No. 3, 185-202 (1958). (9F) Billings, C. E., Levenbaum, L. H., others, Zbzd., 8, No. 1, 53-64 (1958). (10F) Boucher, R. M. G., Ultrasonic News 3, NO. 2, 8-9, 14-19 (1959). (11F) Brink, J. A., Chem. Eng. 66, No. 23, 183-6 (1959). (12F) Brink, J. A., Contant, C. E., IND. ENC.CHEM.50, 1157-60 (1958). (13F) Chem. Eng. 66, No. 24, 32 (1959). (14F) Chem. Processzng 21, No. 1, 112-13 (1958). (15F) Collins, T T., T a p p i 42, No. 1 (1959). (16F) Comolet, R., Chaleur G’ ind. 39, NO. 393, 87-106 (1958). (17F) Davies, C . N., “Dust is Dangerous,” John de Graff, New York, 1958. (18F) Dennis, R., Silverman, L., others, Harvard Univ. Progr. Rept. NYO-4810 (1959). (19F) Duncan, D. M., Design Eng. 4, 34-5, 57 (1958). (20F) Fairs, G. L., Trans. Znst. Chem. Engrs. (London) 36, No. 6, 478-85 (1958). (21F) Floch, H., Occupational Safety and Health 8 (January-February 1958). (22F) Friedl, E. B., Nowacki, L. J., Safranek, W. H . , Design Eng. Conf., Am: SOC. Mech. Engrs., New York, 1959

(23F) Friedlander, S. I