Aquatic Chemistry - ACS Publications - American Chemical Society

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Aquatic Chemistry

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 13, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1995 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1995-0244.fw001

ADVANCES

IN C H E M I S T R Y

SERIES

244

Aquatic Chemistry Interfacial and Interspecies Processes

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Chin Pao Huang, E D I T O R University of Delaware

Charles R. O'Melia, E D I T O R The Johns Hopkins University

James J. Morgan, E D I T O R California Institute of Technology

Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Environmental Chemistry, Inc. at the 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California April 5-10, 1992

American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1995

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aquatic chemistry : interfacial and interspecies processes / Chin Pao Huang, Charles R. O'Melia, James J. Morgan, [editors]. p.

cm.—(Advances in chemistry series, ISSN 0065-2393; 244)

"Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Environmental Chemistry, Inc., at the 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, April 5-10, 1992." Includes bibliographical references and index.

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ISBN 0-8412-2921-X 1. Water chemistry—Congresses. I. Huang, C. P. (Chin P.) II. O'Melia, Charles R. III. Morgan, James J. 1932. IV. American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry, Inc. V. American Chemical Society. Meeting (203rd : 1992 : San Francisco, Calif.) VI. Series. QD1.A355 no. 244 [GB855] 540 s—dc20 [551.48'01'54]

94-41862 CIP

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

Copyright © 1995 American Chemical Society

All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE U N I T E D STATES O F AMERICA

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

1994 Advisory Board Advances in Chemistry Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor Robert J. Alaimo

Douglas R. Lloyd

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals

The University of Texas at Austin

Mark Arnold

Cynithia A . Maryanoff

University of Iowa

R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute

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David Baker University of Tennessee

Julius J. Menn Western Cotton Research Laboratory,

Arindam Bose

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Pfizer Central Research Roger A . Minear Robert F. Brady, Jr. Naval Research Laboratory

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Margaret A . Cavanaugh

Vincent Pecoraro

National Science Foundation

University of Michigan

Arthur B. Ellis

Marshall Phillips

University of Wisconsin at Madison

Delmont Laboratories

Dennis W. Hess

George W. Roberts

Lehigh University

North Carolina State University

Hiroshi Ito

A. Truman Schwartz

IBM Almaden Research Center

Macalaster College

Madeleine M . Joullie

John R. Shapley

University of Pennsylvania

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group

L. Somasundaram DuPont

Gretchen S. Kohl Dow-Corning Corporation

Michael D. Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research

Bonnie Lawlor Institute for Scientific Information

Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England)

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

FOREWORD The A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S was founded in 1949 by the American

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Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated in the Society's jour­ nals. It provides a medium for symposia that would otherwise be fragmented because their papers would be distributed among several journals or not pub­ lished at all. Papers are reviewed critically according to A C S editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of ACS publications. Volumes in the A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S maintain the integrity of

the symposia on which they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation.

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

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DEDICATION

This book collects papers presented at the 1992 A C S National Meeting in San Francisco honoring Werner S turn m—a pioneer of aquatic chem­ istry. Born in Switzerland in 1924, Professor Stumm received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Zurich in 1952. His U.S. academic career began in 1954 as a research fellow in sanitary engineering at Harvard University. He was appointed assistant professor in 1956 and later was promoted to Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Chemistry, a position that he held until 1970 when he returned to his native Swit­ zerland to direct the Institute of Water Resources and Water Pollution Control, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and to teach as Professor of Aquatic Chemistry. He served in this position until retirement in 1992. Currently, he is Professor Emeritus, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University. Stumm is the recipient of the American Chemical Society's M o n ­ santo Prize for Pollution Control in 1976, the Association of Environ­ mental Engineering Professors' Outstanding Publication Award in 1983 and 1984, the World Cultural Council s Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 1985, the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 1986, the American Society of Civil Engineers S. W. Freese Award in 1991, the Swiss Confederations Marcel-Benoist Prize in 1991, and the

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 13, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1995 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1995-0244.fw001

European Science Prize in 1992. Stumm has also received numerous honorary doctoral degrees from various institutes throughout the world, including University of Geneva in Switzerland, Royal Institute of Tech­ nology in Sweden, University of Crete in Greece, Northwestern U n i ­ versity in the United States, and T E C H N I O N in Israel. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and Academia Europaea. He is the senior author of the popular Aquatic Chemistry (coauthored with J. J . Morgan), which has been translated into Japanese and Chinese. He is also the coauthor of the following books: Gewàsser als Ôkosystem (with R. Kummert), Aquatische Chemie (with L . Sigg), and Chimie des Milieux Aquatiques (with L . Sigg and Ph. Behra). His recent book, Chemistry of Solid-Water Interface, was published in 1992. He has also edited numerous books, including Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Waters in 1967, Global Chemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Man in 1977, Chemical Processes in Lakes in 1985, Aquatic Surface Chemistry in 1987, Aquatic Chemical Kinetics in 1990, and Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives in 1994.

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 13, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1995 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1995-0244.fw001

ABOUT T H E EDITORS C. P. HUANG is the Distinguished Professor of E n ­ vironmental Engineering at the University of Dela­ ware. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. in environ­ mental engineering from Harvard University and his B.S. in civil engineering from the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Huang has authored or coauthored over 150 research papers, book chap­ ters, technical reports, and conference proceedings and is a citation classics author. His research exper­ tise is in environmental physical-chemical pro­ cesses, including the removal of heavy metals from dilute aqueous solutions by adsorption process, photooxidative dissolution of metal sulfide minerals, and surface acidity of hydrous solids. His recent research interests are ad­ vanced chemical oxidation for the treatment of hazardous organic wastes and in-situ treatment of contaminated soils and aquifers by electrochemical pro­ cesses. Currently, he is on the editorial board of the Journal of Environmental Engineering, the Chinese Society of Environmental Engineering, and is E d i ­ torial Advisor of the Taiwanese Industrial Park Communication.

CHARLES R. O'MELIA is Professor of Environmen­ tal Engineering and Chairman of the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Mary­ land. He received his B . C . E . (1955) from Manhat­ tan College and his M . S . E . (1956) and Ph.D. (1963) in Sanitary Engineering from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He was employed by Hazen and Sawyer, Engineers in 1956-1957. From 1961 to 1964 he served as Assistant Professor of Sanitary Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. From 1964 to 1966 he was a postdoctoral fellow and lecturer in water chemistry at Harvard Univer­ sity. He joined the University of North Carolina at Chapel H i l l in 1966 as

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 13, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1995 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1995-0244.fw001

Associate Professor and became Professor in 1970. From 1977 to 1980 he served as Deputy Chairman of the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering at U N C . In 1973-1974 he was Visiting Professor of Envi­ ronmental Engineering Science at the California Institute of Technology while on sabbatical leave. H e assumed his present position as Professor at Johns Hopkins in 1980 and was appointed Department Chairman in 1990. While on sabbatical leave from 1988 to 1990 he was a Guest Professor at ETH-Zurich with the Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control. O'Melia was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1989. He has received many awards, including the 1982 Distinguished Lecturer of the Association of Environmental Engineering Professors. He is a member of many societies and organizations and has served as Director, Vice President, and President of the Association of Environmental Engineering Professors. O'Melia's research interests are in aquatic colloid chemistry, water and waste­ water treatment, and modeling of natural surface and subsurface waters.

J A M E S M O R G A N is the Marvin L . Goldberger Pro­ fessor of Environmental Engineering Science at the California Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1964, his M.S. from the University of Michigan in 1956, and his B . C . E . from Manhattan College in 1954. He was the founding editor of the A C S Publication Environmental Science ir Technology from 1966 through 1974. Among other awards, he received the Asso­ ciation of Environmental Engineering Professors' Research Publication Award with Werner Stumm in 1983. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1978, and received the A C S Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology in 1980. Morgan has authored more than 80 articles and chapters dealing with the chemistry of natural water systems, oxidation processes in water, adsorption and surface chemistry, and other topics. He is coauthor of the book Aquatic Chemistry.

Huang et al.; Aquatic Chemistry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.