BOOK REVIEWS - Analytical Chemistry (ACS Publications)

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Guide to the NMR Empirical Method. A Workbook. R. H. Bible, Jr. xi + 305 pages. Plenum Press, 227 West 17th St., New York, Ν. Υ. 10011. 1967. $9.50. Reviewed by Edward G. Brame, Jr., Experimental Station, E. 1. du Pont de Nemours i? Co., Wilmington, Del. 19898 As is stated in the title, this book is a workbook for use in learning the empir­ ical method of interpreting NMR spec­ tra. It is one of several that have ap­ peared in recent years but it appears to be the most comprehensive and useful one. The book is divided into nine sec­ tions. Each of these sections deals with various facets of interpretation of NMR spectra. The interpretations progress from very elementary and gen­ eral considerations to more complicated and sophisticated interpretations of highly complex spectra. Six appendixes are included. They contain correlations of chemical shift data, Shoolery's addi­ tive constants, and spin-spin coupling data. Obviously these appendixes have been included for easy access to these data. Finally, the last section of the book contains a molecular formula in­ dex to spectra included in the work­ book. This book is a very well organized guide for use by chemists in learning to interpret NMR. spectra. I t was, ac­ cording to the preface, used by the au­ thor in workshops prior to its publica­ tion. Because of its use in this capac­ ity, the experience gained by the author was obviously of considerable aid in the formulation of the workbook. Thirty key spectra (signified by the symbol of a key) review the essence of that which is presented in the workbook. The dis­ cussions of these spectra summarize the points made in other spectra so that the reader can determine whether he has learned the essential ideas from the workbook. All together there are about 70 spectra shown. Various ques­ tions are asked and answers are includ­ ed at the end of the book. It seems to me that for the purpose that this book has been published, I think that it is a very valuable contri­ bution to the NMR literature. Any person who is not knowledgeable at in­ terpreting spectra would find this book extremely valuable to use and to work through it at his own speed. Even for the practicing spectroscopist, it offers some helpful suggestions in the proce­ dure that you should follow in inter­ preting spectra. Also, for the student

BOOK REVIEWS at the graduate level it serves a useful purpose in acquainting him with the preferred procedures to use in inter­ preting spectra. Suggested readings of other books throughout this workbook serve to amplify its use. The only major criticism I can make of this book is that its examples are taken primarily from drug-type compounds. Under the General Problems section, all the ex­ amples are steroids or are related to steroids. Of course, these compounds do provide many general examples for use with other compounds. Finally, I would like to say, I think that because this book is very practical and useful, it should be on the book shelves of all those who arc either interested in or are interpreting NMR spectra. Computer Programming and Compu­ ter Systems. Anthony Hassitt. χ + 374 pages. Academic Press, Inc., Ill Fifth Ave., New York, Ν. Υ. 10003. 1967. $10.75. Reviewed by DeLos F. DeTar, In­ stitute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 32306 This book is intended to supply in­ formation about computer program­ ming beyond introductory FORTRAN texts. I t is concerned with strategies of programming and not with topics of numerical analysis. I t is generally suc­ cessful in the stated aims. ALGOL is discussed briefly and so are proposals for the P L / 1 language, but emphasis is on FORTRAN IV. The relationships between these com­ piler languages and the assembly and machine languages are considered. The discussion tends to be based on the ob­ solescent but familiar IBM 7090-7094 systems under IBSYS. There is some coverage of the CDC 3600 and of the IBM 360 system. Other computers are mentioned briefly. Since it is impracti­ cal to discuss programming at an inter­ mediate level in the abstract, the ap­ proach adopted seems a good com­ promise. Systematic treatment of intermediate topics in programming is a difficult task. However, some of the topics ap­ pear overspecialized. The book is une­ venly written. A reader who requires a detailed discussion of octal arithmetic is apt to find the sections on assemblylanguage overly brief and rough going. The book is intended for use as a text. In the opinion of the reviewer in­ struction in programming is best con­ fined to very short bursts of three or

four lectures at widely spaced intervals. Introductory lectures are helpful, but experience in programming is the only effective teacher. A formal course based on the material in this book would waste time. Those who do con­ siderable programming do not need ex­ tensive formal instruction. As a reference for browsing, this book serves as an excellent source of pro­ gramming ideas. I t is difficult to find explanations of many basic facts about computers—the structure of symbols written on tape, the meaning of block­ ing, and of physical and logical records, how compilers and loaders work, and so on. These topics and many others are considered quite well. The operation of input-output routines and of compila­ tion and loading are illustrated by means of simplified FORTRAN ex­ amples. There are sensible suggestions for efficient programming, useful hints for effective use of memory, and so on. This book is recommended strongly for libraries at computing centers and for anyone who has become seriously inter­ ested in writing programs. I t will be of more limited interest for general li­ braries and for the casual programmer. Principles of Color Technology. Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr., Max Saltzman. χ + 181 -pages. Interscience Publish­ ers, 605 Third Ave., New York, Ν. Υ. 10016. 1966. $11.95. Reviewed by Kenneth L. Kelly, Na­ tional Bureau of Standards, Washing­ ton, D. C. 20234. The organization of this book was al­ most of more interest to this reviewer than the detailed material on color it contained. In the Preface and the first section entitled "What This Book is About," the authors tell you what the book is about, what it contains, and very carefully, what it does not contain. Both the authors are knowledgeable men in the field of color and make their living largely from this knowledge. This book is written in answer to many questions put to them. As a re­ sult, it is aimed at the group between the beginners in color and the experts, in short at "everybody who should know " but so often forgets. Thus, it is an "elementary book serving as an introduction to the field of color and the use of color in industry." "This is a book about color, colorants, and the coloring of materials." It is neither "complete or comprehensive. It represents largely our personal opin­ ions, although we have drawn heavily VOL. 39, NO. 12, OCTOBER 1967 ·

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NEW BOOKS on, and referred heavily to, the pub­ lished literature." "In summary, we provide a brief re­ sume of the present state of the art of color, coloring and colorants—a very complex field. To simplify, we have omitted much." " . . .: We tend to present our best current opinion rather than a studied evaluation. . . ." "To this end we provide—and consider of major importance—an annotated biblography (Chapter 7)." ". . . to indi­ cate content, depth, level of presenta­ tion, and usefulness as a source of further information." "We hope that

our readers will recognize with us that this book can be no more than a begin­ ning, and that they will make use of its bibliography as a guide into the exten­ sive and often complex literature on color." The book itself is 9 by 11 inches in size and each page contains one fourinch column of text and a 2 1 / 2 -inch outer margin. The authors use this margin to amplify and clarify the text through pictures, drawings, cartoons, formulae and famous sayings. Newton and Peanuts are well represented here. In the beginning the reader might

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

consider this format wasteful. By the end of the book, he could find himself reading the margins before the text. The book is well designed and carefully conceived. The Table of Contents is detailed and easy to use. The Annotat­ ed Bibliography and the reference Bib­ liography are excellent as are the Au­ thor Index and Subject Index. If the reader has some knowledge of color, he no doubt will be struck by two things, (1) the tremendous amount of information contained in this book and (2) he will have made notes in the mar­ gin of the subjects not covered in the text. If this reader will now go back and read again the Preface and the first section of Chapter 1, ho will find that the authors have anticipated his criti­ cisms with the description of what the book contains and what it does not con­ tain. In fact, the authors have de­ scribed their book so well that the first three paragraphs of this review contain many excerpts from the Preface and the first part of Chapter 1. The language is simple, presupposes some technical background but relies on mathematics almost as a last resort. The emphasis is on the application of the fundamentals of color technology by industrial colorists, color matchers, and color stylists and designers. Its logical organization makes it an excel­ lent quick reference for facts, concepts, and articles on the scientific and tech­ nologic aspects of color. It is equally valuable to those working with color production, design, sales, or advertising. It belongs on the shelf of all λνΐιο are concerned with color technology or who employ people in this field. Future au­ thors would do well to study the design, organization, and detailed description of contents by the authors of "Principles of Color Technology." A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Anal­ ysis. Kenneth A. Connors, xvii + 61/f pages John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, Ν. Υ. 10016. 1967. $12,50. Reviewed by Jack R. Cooper, De­ partment of Pharmacology, Yale Uni­ versity School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06520. This book is a compilation of analyti­ cal techniques that are applied to phar­ maceutical preparations. The author has divided the subject matter into sec­ tions on fundamental titrimetric tech­ niques, physical methods of analysis, separation techniques, elemental anal­ ysis and functional group analysis. Within each section are several subsec­ tions, all well organized into discussions of basic principles, laboratory exercises, pertinent references, and problems. The book has many points to recom-

NEW BOOKS

mend it. It is clearly and simply written, the author has no pretensions of exhaustively covering the material, yet he manages to extract the essence of the principles of each analytical tool he discusses and he does this at a reasonably high level of sophistication. There are however a few quibbles one can take with the author. The author is obviously enamored of titrimetric techniques and considering the limitations of this technique—i.e., sensitivity and specificity—it is perhaps overemphasized. Particularly since fluorometric assays for drugs, which are gaining more and more acceptance, are given fairly short shrift in this book. Second, it is not clear how a section on elemental analysis fits in with the author's concept of this book, especially when it could have been replaced, with a section on some of the newer approaches in determining structure—e.g., neutron activation analysis. Finally, one might question the decision of the author to give answers to only some of the problems listed at the end of each subsection.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

COLUMN COILER

Nevertheless, these shortcomings are mild and the book is eminently readable; it obviously reflects a great deal of thought in the organization and presentation of the material. The pharmacy student will find it a lucid compilation of basic concepts in analytical techniques. Absorptionsspektralanalyse im ultravioletten, sichtbaren und infraroten Gebiet. J. Derkosch. xi + 487 pages. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Frankfurt/Main 1967. DM 68.

Reviewed by H. A. Flaschka, Dept. of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 30332. In the preface the author describes the goal of his book in part as follows : " . . . wird es in diesem Buch unternommen, die unterschiedlichen Anwendungsmôglichkeiten, die unterschiedlichen Arbeitsmethoden, aber auch die gemeinsamen apparativen Grundlagen darzulegen. Es wendet sich nicht so sehr an den Fachspektroskopiker als an die Analytiker, seien es Chemiker, Physiker, Mediziner, Biologen oder ande're Naturwissenschaftler Dementsprechend werden die theoretischen Grundlagen nur soweit behandelt, als es unbedingt erforderlich schien." How much theoretical knowledge is necessary for the application of a method and the use of an instrument? This question has always been a point of heated discussion and may be debated again in connection with this book. What benefit will the nonspecialist derive from some of the rather involved formulae ?

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

NEW BOOKS

The author masters the topics well and shows this at once in the initial clear discussion of the various units, their dimensions, and the unfortunate situation with respect to differences in different systems and by different authors. The author is equally wyell at home in practical matters. Theory and practice are somewhat interdispersed. This fact does not hamper the nice and logical flow of presentation when one reads the book. But it is rather unfortunate if one tries to use the volume as a reference. For example, the delicacy of cleaning a slit and the performance of this task are described on page 45 preceded and followed by theoretical considerations. Similarly, the section on preparation of samples is intermingled with the description of purification of solvents. Apropos "preparation of samples," this extensive and valuable chapter is placed between the description of monochromators and light sources. The logic of this placement is hard to follow. The description and evaluation of spectrophotometers is not biased towards instruments of German origin. Apparatus of British or American prominence are dealt with equally well. If able to handle the intricacies of scientific German, a reader in this country will benefit from these sections of the book. However, only more sophisticated instruments are described. No discussion of filters (interference or others) is found, or at least these topics have no relevant entries in the subject index. The theory of the origin of absorption spectra is treated in length, possibly with the organic chemist predominantly in mind. Inorganic analysis falls quite short and examples of applications are restricted to a mere two pages. A welcome feature of the book is an appendix containing standard spectra and conversion tables. This appendix is in form of a separately bound brochure which greatl}· facilitates its use. The book is well-written and its make-up is excellent. It will provide for man}' what they hope to find. But some will not find what they may be looking for. Quantitative Analysis, Second Edition. R. A. Day, Jr., A. L. Underwood, xiii + 482 pages. PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 07632. 1967. $9.95. Reviewed by William, P. Schaefer, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California. This is the second edition of a text originally published in 1958. The aim then was to provide both classical and

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NEW BOOKS modern (instrumental) topics in a form suitable for sophomore students. In the intervening years, great changes have taken place in the chemistry curriculum, especially as regards the traditional sophomore course in quantitative analysis; the text has been revised with these changes in mind. In the main, the revision presents the instrumental material in greater detail than previously (although not with significantly greater rigor) and brings both classcial and modern techniques up-to-date. According to the preface, the material is still directed toward sophomore (and freshman) students. I t is not intended to cover all the analytical chemistry needed for a chemistry major. The book is not written for any specific course and I judge this to be a weakness. The range of material covered is extremely broad; I doubt that a student who has to study the material on stoichiometry (Chapter 2) will be ready, in the same course, to assimilate the explanation for the charging current in polarography based on the electroeapillary curve for mercury (Chapter 11 ). On the other hand, both topics are there: the easy portions can be used for a beginning course and the more complicated material presented later. In fact, an enormous number of instrumental topics are mentioned in the text. Although each topic is discussed in some detail, I nevertheless felt that any attempt to present all of this material in a single course—even a year-long one—would result in an essentially superficial treatment of many things. However, the preface is correct that, for courses beyond the sophomore year, this material will have to be supplemented with more advanced treatment. The depth of coverage is not equivalent (and is not intended to be equivalent) to that of Meites and Thomas, for example. The chapter on errors and the treatment of analytical data has been expanded and represents one of the best expositions of this topic I have seen in an elementary book. The chapter is positioned at the front of the book (where it should be) rather than being made an appendix. This book, like the first edition, is not a laboratory text. There are no experimental directions anywhere in the book. Mention is made of a companion "Laboratory Manual" designed to accompany the text; I did not see this manual. This separation of theory and experiment in a beginning analytical course is something I do not like. The closer the connection between theoretical material and practical laboratory work—a relationship which is essentially impossible with two texts—the more likely the student is to apply his knowl-

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39, NO. 12, OCTOBER 1967

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NEW from PHARMACIA

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edge of principles to solving problems with real chemicals. Day and Underwood will be a suitable choice for a text where a strong, independent laboratory program with its own text is available ; it will be most useful in a year-long course not specifically designed for chemistry majors. I would judge that the book's outstanding merit (which may well be a deficiency in some eyes) is its great breadth of coverage, and where this can be capitalized upon it should be a successful text.

Pharmacia Fine Chemicals now i n t r o d u c e s the first l i p o p h i l i c derivative —Sephadex LH-20—to extend the use of Sephadex to organic solvents. Since it swells in water, polar organic solvents and in mixtures of these solvents, Sephadex LH-20 makes it pos­ sible to apply the conventional Sephadex gel filtration technique in fields such as lipid chemistry, polymer chemistry and other areas of organic chemistry and biochemistry where organic sol­ vents must be used, Sephadex Solvent-Resistant Columns The only laboratory columns es­ pecially designed for use in chro­ matographic separations with organic solvent systems. The col­ umns are equipped with two spe­ cially designed adjustable flow adaptors for use with various bed heights and for ease of sam­ ple application.The columns have the advantage of allowing either descending, upward flow or re­ cycling chromatography as one of their many features. RANGE OF APPLICATION Solvent

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Wilhelm Simon, Thomas Clerc. 92 pages. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main, Cronstettenstrasse 6a, 1967. DM39. This volume contains tables of data for interpretation of organic compounds from IR, UV, NMR, and mass spectra. The selection of data to include was based on the authors' experiences at lectures and seminars in the organic chemistry laboratory at Eidgenôssischen Technischen Hochschule Zurich, Switzerland. The data should be complete enough for the interpretation of spectra of compounds which are not too complicated. The book is prepared for use by laboratory workers and should not require an extensive background in theory.

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International Symposium on Luminescence: The Physics and Chemistry of Scintillators. N. Riehl, H. Kallmann, Editors. xvi + 472 pages. Verlag Karl Thiemig KG, 8 Miinchen 90, Postfach 90 07 φ, Ger­ many. 1966. 68 DM. This book comprises a collection of reviews and short lectures (together with the discussions) in three lan­ guages, 23 in German, 28 in English, and 15 in French. All of the presenta­ tions contain short abstracts in English. The symposium was held in Munich, Sept, 5 to 9, 1965. 100 Elution volume ml Separation of glycerol esters in chloroform. Bed dimensions: 2.5x32 cm. Sample: 2 ml containing 4 mg of each substance. Flow rate: 0.6 ml/min. For additional technical information, including the booklets Sephadex LH-20 and The Sephadex Sol­ vent-Resistant Columns, write to: PHARMACIA FINE CHEMICALS INC. 800 Centennial Avenue I Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 Pharmacia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Crémazle, Suite 412, Montreal 11, P. Q. (Inquiries outside U.S.A. and Canada should be directed to PHARMACIA FINE CHEMICALS, Uppsala, Sweden.) Circle No. 79 on Readers' Service Card See ACS Laboratory Guide for All Products/Sales Office

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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Einfuhrung in die Ligandenfeldtheorie. Hans L. Schlâfer, Gunter Gliemann. xiv + 535 pages. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 6 Frankurt am Main, Cronstettenstrasse 6a, Germany. 1967. DM 59. This book in German is directed toward experimental workers and presents the basics of ligand field theory as it is deduced from experimental evidence. The book represents a revision and enlargement of lectures and practical experiments given at the Frankfurt

Operation WHAT? Operation GRASP is Warner-Chilcott's unique training school for customers interested in gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h y . It stands for Gas Review and A p p l i c a t i o n s Study Program. We've been kidded a lot about the name. In fact, w e have even thought of c h a n g i n g it! But customers who have been to the school tell us that after we've taken them from theory through applications, they do have a good grasp of gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h y and Warner-Chilcott's Gas Chromatographs. Get a good GRASP of gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h y ! The school is free (except for transportation) if you buy a Warner-Chilcott Gas Chromatograph. Classes are held on both the East and West Coasts. Contact your Warner-Chilcott Instruments Salesman or write to us directly if you w o u l d like more information. We'll send you a brief course outline and descriptive literature. Request Data File GC-2. See us at ASCC August 21-25

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M. Lederer, J. M. Hollander, I. Perlman, xii + 594 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, Ν. Y. 10016. 1967. $7.95. ($4-90, paperbound). This volume is the sixth edition of a summary of knowledge about radioiso­ topes and nuclear structure compiled since 1940 by the Berkeley laboratory. The book lists all of the more than 1400 known stable and radioactive isotopes of all the elements, giving information about (heir nuclear properties, modes of decay, and methods of production and identification. Textile Laboratory Manual. Vol. 4 Dyestuffs. W. Garner. 165 pages. American Elsevier Publishing Co.t Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, Ν. Υ. 10017. 1967. $7.60. This volume is based on Chapter XII, Colour, and Chapter XIII, Dyestuffs, of the previous edition. In line with the announced plan, the numerous qualitative test methods have been omitted, and instead, coded references to Volume 1, which is an essential com­ panion text, have been given. Mossbauer Effect Data Index 1 9 5 8 1965. Arthur H. Muir, Jr., Ken J. Ando, Helen M. Coogan. xviii + 351 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, Ν. Υ. 10016. 1967. $9. Previously North American Aviation Science Center had informally pub­ lished and distributed a limited number of copies of the "Mossbauer Effect Data Index, Issue 1 (1958-1962), Issue 2 (1958-1963), and Issue 3 (19581964)." The present volume contains all the material from the previous issues as well as new material. The Index is designed to provide an organized cumu­ lative index to published results relating to the Mossbauer effect. The primary emphasis is on experimental results, but sections are arranged also by general topic, such as theory, review, instrumentation, etc. A u t o m a t i o n in Analytical Chemistry. Technicon S y m p o s i a 1 9 6 6 . Vol.1.

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