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9/19/2018
Change in Genetic Knowledge of Parents Consenting to Clinical Genomic Sequencing for their Child with Cancer Following a Two‐Phase Consent Mandrell B, Ouma A, Harrison L, Hamilton K, Quinn E, McGee R, Nuccio R, Hines‐Dowell S, Gerhardt E, Kesserwan C, Valdez J, Johnson L, Nichols K Division of Nursing Research Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
NO DISCLOSURES OR CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Genomes for Kids (G4K)
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G4K Study Objectives Primary Objectives • To perform clinical next generation whole genome (WGS), exome (WES), and RNA sequencing on St. Jude pediatric oncology patients prospectively over a 24 month period
Exploratory Objectives • To generate and analyze data describing the informed consent process and patient/parent perceptions of genomic investigations and research.
• To use WGS, WES and RNA sequence • To generate and analyze data describing data to identify and characterize somatic the return of genomic sequencing results, examine patient/parent understanding of genetic variants of pathological these results and assess the impact of significance and germline genetic variants results on patients and families. associated with increased cancer risk.
G4K Study Eligibility Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
St. Jude oncology patients prospectively identified at the time of study activation (08/2015) Newly diagnosed solid or liquid tumor Relapsed or refractory solid or liquid tumor
Past medical history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Adequate tumor tissue
Insufficient tumor or germline tissue
Retinoblastoma, pontine glioma, optic pathway glioma and craniopharyngioma are eligible using only germline sample if tumor tissue is unavailable
Participants who are unable to read, write or converse fluently in English are excluded from Exploratory arm of the study
Research or Standard Cancer Care • Information may not be presented to patients and families in a straight‐forward manner • Patient and families have difficulty differentiating between standard cancer treatment and a research objective within a clinical trial • When consenting to genomic sequencing, it is important for patients and families to understand this as being a research objective and likely to have little impact on their cancer treatment
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Two‐Visit Informed Consent Model • Parents of children with cancer were offered the opportunity to have their children’s tumor and germline tissues studied using clinical genomic sequencing • At the introductory visit: ‐ Parents completed a baseline genetic knowledge ‐ Parents completed self‐reported literacy/numeracy • Given basic concepts related to genomic sequencing
Two Visit Informed Consent Model: • All education and consenting completed by one trained nurse • Parents returned 1‐3 weeks after introductory visit • Information was re‐enforced and informed consent obtained • Post‐test administered to reassess genetic knowledge
G4K Study flowchart Identify Eligible Participants Study Introduction Visit Informed Consent Conversation (ICC) Consent for Genomic Studies? Yes
Consent for Interviews, Surveys? No
Obtain Tumor/Germline DNA/RNA
Consent to Receive Germline Results? No
No
Yes
ICC Follow-up Visit
Yes
Complete WES, WGS, RNA Sequencing
Return of Results Visit
Data Analysis/Variant Interpretation
Return of Results Follow-up Visit
Generate Reports Tumor
Germline
Place in EMR/Discuss with Doctor
Place in EMR/Discuss with Doctor
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Handouts G4K Study Brochure
GINA handout
St. Jude Genomics Studies Handout
Enrollment
August 21, 2015 through April 14, 2017
Patients considered for study n = 1,095 Lack of tissue: 378 (35%) Eligibility pending: 177 (16%) Other: 171 (16%)
Eligible Patients n = 369 Refusals: 53 (14%) Not consented: 4 (1%)
Consented patients n = 312 (85%)
Genomic (n = 312; 100%)Exploratory (n = 230; 74%) Tumor & germline (n = 255; 82%) Germline only (n = 47; 15%) Tumor only (n = 10; 3%)
Surveys & interviews (n = 222; 71%) Surveys only (n = 4; 1%) Interviews only (n = 4; 1%)
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Patient Characteristics Enrolled Participants N = 312
Ineligible: Lack of Adequate Tissue N = 378
Refused G4K Study N = 53
Age
7.87y (0.23 – 26)
11y (0.29 – 22)
9.21y (.98 – 20.2)
Male
168 (54%)
203 (54%)
26 (49%)
Newly diagnosed
271 (87%)
319 (85%)
47 (89%)
Relapsed/refractory
41 (13%)
59 (15%)
6 (11%)
Solid
83 (27%)
137 (36%)
15 (28%)
Liquid
128 (41%)
106 (28%)
19 (36%)
CNS
101 (32%)
135 (36%)
19 (36%)
Feature
Clinical Status
Tumor status
Tumor type
Parent demographics by study time points Characteristic Relationship to patient
Completed SIV (N=158)
Completed ICC (N=223)
Mother
118 (75%)
163 (73%)
90 (74%)
Father
36 (23%)
55 (25%)
27 (22%) 4 (3%)
4 (3%)
5 (2%)
Completed SIV+ICC (N=121)
Legally appointed representative (LAR) Age at survey completion, years
n=154
n=117
n=218
Mean (SD)
37.5 (7.9) 37.4 (7.7)
36.8 (8.1)
37.2 (21.2‐65.6)
36.2 (20‐65.6)
Unknown
19 (12%)
High school graduate and below
Median (range)
37 (21.2‐65.6)
Education 31 (14%)
16 (13%)
38 (24%)
50 (22%)
30 (25%)
Some college
35 (22%)
49 (22%)
27 (22%)
College graduate and above
66 (42%)
93 (42%)
Missing
12 (8%)
16 (7%)
11 (9%)
Not married or partnered
36 (23%)
48 (22%)
26 (21%)
Married or partnered
110 (70%)
159 (71%)
84 (69%)
Unknown
44 (28%)
62 (28%)
33 (27%)
<$20,000
23 (15%)
30 (13%)
17 (14%)
48 (40%)
Marital status
Household income level
$20,000 ‐ $59,999
33 (21%)
52 (23%)
$60,000 ‐ $99,999
33 (21%)
44 (20%)
28 (23%)
≥$100,000
25 (16%)
35 (16%)
18 (15%)
Unknown
23 (15%)
34 (15%)
17 (14%)
Christian
104 (66%)
161 (72%)
83 (69%)
Non‐Christian/Other
31 (20%)
28 (13%)
21 (17%)
25 (21%)
Religion
Findings : Two‐Visit Consent Model • Genomic knowledge increased by 11% (77.8 to 88.9%, p<0.0001) • Understanding of somatic mutations improved (18 to 59%) • Understanding of germline mutations improved (31 to 64%) • The concept of somatic and germline mutations remained unfamiliar to approximately one‐third of the parents
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No Association between parent reported literacy and numeracy skills and the percent of correct answers on the genetic knowledge test Change in the overall percent of correct answers (ICC‐SIV)a N
Median (IQR)
Pb
Not at all/A little bit/Somewhat
29
11.11 (0 to 33.33)
0.720
Quite a bit/Extremely
91
11.11 (0 to 22.22
Literacy: How confident are you filling out forms by yourself
Subjective Numeracy Scale (SN‐3): How good are you at working with fractions 1‐3 (Low/Intermediate)
56
11.11 (0 to 27.78)
4‐5 (High)
64
11.11 (0 to 22.22)
0.558
How often do you find numerical information useful? 1‐3 (Low/Intermediate)
30
16.67 (0 to 22.22)
4‐5 (High)
90
11.11 (0 to 22.22)
0.228
How good are you at figuring out how much a shirt will cost if it is 35% off? 1‐3 (Low/Intermediate)
26
11.11 (0 to 22.22)
4‐5 (High)
93
11.11 (0 to 22.22)
0.951
Conclusion • The two‐visit model improved knowledge • Somatic and germline mutations remain difficult concepts • Ongoing discussion and reinforcement of unfamiliar concepts is needed to achieve adequate understanding
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Thanks to the patients and families that participate in G4Kids
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