Introduction to Titus - Paramount Church


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Titus:   Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  in  an  Ungodly  World  

TEXT:  TITUS  1:1-­‐4     September  23,  2012     INTRODUCTION:     What  does  a  church,  which  is  ordered  in  a  correct  manner  around  the  gospel,  look   like  in  an  ungodly  culture?  The  letter  of  Titus  gives  us  the  answer.  Paul  shows  us   how  the  gospel  drives  us  to  live  godly  lives  in  an  ungodly  world.  Even  though  Titus   contains  only  *700  words  in  Greek,  they  are  powerful  words,  which  ground  and   grow  believers  in  the  gospel,  which  produces  godliness  (see  *D.  Edmond  Hiebert,   Introduction  to  the  New  Testament,  vol.  2,  p.  34).     LESSON:     A.   THE  DESTINATION:  CRETE     Crete  is  an  island  located  just  south  of  the  mainland  of  Greece  in  the  Mediterranean   Sea.  Crete  was  the  Wild  West  frontier.  The  ungodly  Cretan  character  was  well   known  in  Paul’s  day.  His  assessment  of  the  Cretan  character  matched  those  current   in  his  day.  In  1:12,  he  quotes  a  well-­‐known  line  of  the  Cretan  poet  Epimenides  (600   BC)  that  characterized  the  dishonesty  of  the  Cretans.  Hiebert  writes,       The  expression  “to  Cretize”  was  synonymous  with  “to  lie,”  and  “to  play  the   Cretan  with  a  Cretan”  meant  “to  out-­‐trick  a  trickster.”  Their  morals  were  low.   The  wine  of  Crete  was  famous,  and  drunkenness  prevailed.  They  were  known   as  a  turbulent  people.  In  such  an  environment  were  located  the  churches  to   which  Titus  ministered,”  (Introduction  to  the  NT,  p.  342).     Concerning  the  corrupt  Cretan  character,  D.A.  Carson  makes  this  observation,  “The   gospel  is  for  the  most  unpromising,”  (Introduction  to  the  NT,  p.  584).  I  have  a  friend   who  does  mission  work  in  Nicaragua.  He  says  that  the  Nicaraguans  have  a  popular   saying,  “Thank  God  for  Haiti.”  The  reason  for  this  is  because  Haiti  is  the  poorest   nation  in  the  Western  Hemisphere—Nicaragua  is  the  second  poorest.  Like  the   Nicaraguans,  I  say,  “Thank  God  for  the  Cretans.”  I  am  thankful  not  because  of   economics  but  because  of  grace!  Titus  shows  us  that  the  gospel  is  for  the  most   unpromising—you  and  me.  Jesus  said,  “Those  who  are  well  have  no  need  of  a   physician,  but  those  who  are  sick.  I  came  not  to  call  the  righteous,  but  sinners,”  (Mk.   2:17).  The  Cretans  serve  as  an  enduring  example  of  God’s  saving  grace.  Despite  their   unpromising  sinful  disposition,  it  did  not  hinder  them  from  coming  to  faith.  No  man   is  so  bad  that  he  or  she  is  beyond  the  reach  of  God’s  grace  (cf.  the  same  was  true  of   Paul  as  well,  cf.  1  Tim.  1:15-­‐16).    

Cretans  were  present  on  the  day  of  Pentecost  (cf.  Acts  2:11).  Thus,  it  may  be  that  the   Cretan  churches  had  their  beginning  from  those  who  heard  the  preaching  of  the   gospel  on  that  occasion.     B.   THE  ADDRESSEE:  TITUS     The  letter  is  addressed  to  Titus.  It  is  interesting  that  Titus  is  not  mentioned  in  Acts.   Less  is  known  about  Titus  than  Timothy.  Titus  was  perhaps  older  than  Timothy  and   seems  to  have  possessed  a  stronger  temperament  than  Timothy  (see  Gordon  Fee,  1   and  2  Timothy,  Titus,  p.  3;  Note:  We  will  see  how  Paul  commissions  Titus  undertake   several  difficult  and  demanding  assignments  in  Corinth  as  well  as  Crete).  Titus  was   an  uncircumcised  Gentile  (cf.  Greek;  Gal.  2:3).  Paul  refers  to  Titus  as  his  “true  son”   (1:4).  Evidently  then  Titus  was  a  convert  of  Paul’s,  who  was  saved  out  of  pure   heathenism.     Like  Timothy  in  Ephesus,  Titus  was  not  a  pastor/elder.  Rather,  rather  he  was   appointed  by  Paul  to  serve  as  his  authorized  personal  apostolic  representative  in   Crete.  Paul  commissioned  Titus  with  an  ad  hoc,  temporary  mandate  to  set  the  young   church  plants  of  Crete  in  order  (see  Purpose  below;  Titus  and  Timothy  were  not   bishops,  see  George  Knight  III,  The  Pastoral  Epistles,  p.  29).     Titus  was  undoubtedly  the  right  man  for  this  task  in  Crete.       1.   TITUS  WAS  GROUNDED  IN  THE  GOSPEL.     We  see  from  Scripture  how  Titus  held  firm  to  the  “trustworthy  word”  (i.e.,  the   gospel,  1:9).  For  example,  in  Galatians  2—over  a  decade  before  Paul  wrote  Titus— we  learn  that  Paul  took  Titus,  an  uncircumcised  Gentile,  with  him  to  Jerusalem  to  set   him  before  the  leadership  (James,  Peter  and  John)  as  “test  case”  for  the  “truth  of  the   gospel”  (cf.  Gal.  2:5;  a  law-­‐free  gospel).  If  Paul—and  Titus—gave  in  to  the  demands   of  the  “false  brothers”  and  had  Titus  circumcised,  the  Galatians  (Gentiles)  would  not   have  heard  the  true  gospel  (cf.  2:5).  Further,  the  1st  Century  church  would  have  been   divided  with  a  Jewish  half  and  a  Gentile  half.  Thus,  early  on  in  his  ministry  with  Paul,   we  see  Titus’  firm  commitment  to  the  truth  of  the  gospel.  His  ministry  alongside  the   Apostle  Paul  served  a  vital  role  in  bringing  the  truth  of  the  gospel  to  the  Gentiles  as   well  as  ensuring  the  unity  of  the  church.     2.   TITUS  WAS  CHARACTERIZED  BY  GODLINESS.     Because  of  his  deep  grounding  in  the  gospel  (gospel-­‐centeredness),  he  was   characterized  by  godliness  (1:1e).  Before  assigning  Titus  to  Crete,  Paul  sent  Titus  to   Corinth,  which  was  also  a  demanding  and  tense  situation.  Paul  appointed  Titus  and   delegates  to  oversee  the  collection  of  the  Corinthian  gift  for  the  poor  in  Jerusalem  (2   Cor.  8:16-­‐24).  And  so  Titus  was  trustworthy  in  regard  to  money  and  finances  (in   contrast  to  the  false  teachers  in  Crete,  he  was  not  greedy  for  gain,  cf.  1:7).  It  is  vital   to  note  that  one  of  the  delegates  Paul  sends  with  Titus  is  “the  brother  who  is  famous    

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among  all  the  churches  for  his  preaching  of  the  gospel”  (2  Cor.  8:18).  Paul  reminds   the  Corinthians  that  the  churches  appointed/commended  Titus  and  his  traveling   partners.  God’s  people  also  recognized  that  these  men  were  committed  to  the   centrality  of  the  gospel  and  possessed  godly  character.  In  fact,  in  commending  Titus   and  his  accompanying  delegates,  Paul  characterizes  them  as  the  “glory  of  Christ”  (cf.   2  Cor.  8:23).  Titus  and  his  delegates  were  given  this  commendable  designation   because  their  love  reflects  Christ’s  love  for  His  people  and  because  their  lives  were   deeply  grounded  in  the  gospel.  Such  profound  gospel  centeredness  results  in   godliness  (Christ-­‐likeness),  which  results  from  having  encountered  the  glory  of  God   in  the  face  of  Christ  (cf.  2  Cor.  3:18;  4:4–6).     Titus  also  possessed  the  kind  of  character  (leadership  skills),  which  was  needed  to   oversee  difficult  issues  in  the  church.  By  grace,  he  possessed  the  necessary  wisdom,   tact,  strength,  diplomacy  and  administration  to  bring  churches  into  order  with  the   gospel  and  its  implications.  For  example,  when  Paul  returned  from  his  painful  visit   to  Corinth,  he  sent  Titus  back  to  Corinth  to  deliver  his  “severe  letter,”  which  warned   the  church  of  God’s  judgment  if  they  did  not  repent  (2:3–4;  7:8–16).  In  Macedonia,   Titus  met  Paul  with  encouraging  news  of  his  successful  mission  in  Corinth  (cf.  2  Cor.   7:5-­‐7).  And  so  we  see  how  Paul  entrusted  Titus  to  deal  with  a  tense  situation  that   arose  between  himself  and  the  Corinthians  (7:6-­‐7,  13-­‐15;  12:18).  Titus  was  able  to   deal  with  strong  opposition  (cf.  Titus  1:9-­‐13).       In  2  Timothy  4:10,  we  find  Titus  with  Paul  in  his  second  Roman  imprisonment.   Whereas  all  had  deserted  Paul  at  the  end  of  his  life,  Titus  went  to  Dalmatia  from   Rome  once  again  as  Paul’s  authorized  apostolic  representative.  Thus,  even  to  the   very  end,  when  it  was  costly  to  associate  with  Paul,  Titus  was  still  by  Paul’s  side   helping  him  and  serving  alongside  him  in  the  ministry  of  the  gospel.  Clearly  Titus   was  a  man  of  great  commitment,  loyalty,  faithfulness,  dependability  and   commitment.     3.   TITUS  WAS  COMMITTED  TO  EVANGELISM.     Calvin  describes  Titus  as  an  evangelist  (see  Calvin’s  Commentaries,  vol.  21,  p.  277).   We  learn  from  this  letter  that  Titus  had  been  engaged  in  evangelism  and  missions   (church  planting)  with  Paul  on  Crete.  Titus  was  committed  to  the  priority  of   bringing  the  gospel  in  demanding  environments  where  he  faced  strong  opposition   from  rival  teachers,  whose  aim  was  dishonest  gain  (1:10-­‐16).  D.A.  Carson  observes,   “…this  letter  makes  it  clear  that  the  strength  and  the  nature  of  the  opposition  make   no  difference:  Christian  teachers  are  to  press  on  with  their  task  of  evangelism  and  of   leading  the  converts  into  a  lifestyle  that  brings  glory  to  God,”  (see  Introduction  to  the   NT,  p.  584).     It  is  obvious  why  Paul  chose  Titus  for  the  mission  in  Crete.  His  character  qualified   him  to  serve  as  Paul’s  authoritative  role  model  and  he  possessed  the  necessary   gifting  to  carry  out  his  assigned  mission  in  the  “wild  frontier”  of  Crete  (Note:  Titus’   character  and  gifting  matches  the  main  message  of  Titus;  see  below  D.  The    

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Message).  Titus  would  serve  as  the  model  for  subsequent  ministry  by  the  elders,   whom  he  would  appoint  to  serve  the  churches  after  his  departure  (Note:  Elders   were  like-­‐minded  men  grounded  in  the  gospel  and  possessing  godliness,  which   accords  with  the  gospel).     What  necessitated  Paul’s  writing  of  this  letter?     C.   THE  OCCASION:  PERSONAL  REQUEST,  THEOLOGICAL  AND  CULTURAL  PROBLEMS     1.   PERSONAL  REQUEST     First,  there  was  personal  reason  why  Paul  wrote  this  letter  (i.e.,  to  call  for  Titus  to   meet  him  in  Nicopolis,  3:12).     2.   THEOLOGICAL  AND  CULTURAL  PROBLEMS     Second,  there  were  theological  and  cultural  problems,  which  originated  from  two   sources:  Aberrant  Judaism  and  Cretan  Culture  (see  William  Mounce,  Pastoral   Epistles,  p.  lxi.).     A.   FALSE  GOSPEL:  ABERRANT  JUDAISM  (LEGALISM)     Crete  was  filled  with  Jews  of  wealth  and  influence  (cf.  Alford,  The  Greek  Testament,   vol.  3,  p.  108).  Immediately  after  his  departure,  false  teachers  (satanic  opposition)   began  working  to  overthrow  the  leadership  of  the  church  and  corrupt  the  gospel.   Some  Cretan  Jews,  under  the  pretence  of  supporting  the  Mosaic  Law,  were   introducing  all  sorts  of  “trivialities”  (legal  forms  of  holiness  that  consisted  in   distinction  of  food  and  outward  ceremonies;  cf.  Calvin,  Calvin’s  Commentaries,  vol.   21,  pp.  276-­‐277).     These  false  teachers  were  spreading  a  false  gospel  and  living  ungodly  lives.  As  a   result,  Paul  says  they  were  upsetting  whole  households  (1:11).  They  stand   condemned  for  their  opposition  to  Paul  and  the  gospel  and  for  their  embracing  of   the  immoral  Cretan  lifestyle.  Therefore,  Paul  tells  Titus  that  these  false  teachers  are   to  be  silenced  (1:11)  and  rebuked  sharply  (1:13).  A  false  gospel  and  ungodly  living   are  not  to  be  tolerated  in  the  church  (3:10-­‐11).     B.   UNGODLY  CULTURE:  CRETAN  CULTURE  (LICENSE).     The  Cretan  culture,  as  we  learned  previously,  was  characterized  by  an  ungodly  value   system  (cf.  1:12).  Too  much  Cretan  culture  and  not  enough  gospel,  which  accords   with  godliness,  filled  these  Cretan  believers.  Thus,  Titus’  mission  in  Crete  was  to  lift   the  church  from  the  cultural  mess  from  which  it  was  being  adversely  influenced.   This  brings  us  to  the  purpose  of  Titus.     C.   THE  PURPOSE:  GOSPEL-­‐DRIVEN  ORDER    

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As  we  just  learned,  these  new  churches  were  being  infiltrated  with  false  teachers   and  influenced  by  the  immoral  culture  of  Crete.  Therefore,  Paul  leaves  Titus  in  Crete   to  “set  in  order”  the  things  that  he  left  unfinished  (1:5a).  “To  set  in  order,”  means  “to   cause  matters  to  be  ordered  in  the  correct  manner,”  (L&N,  p.  612).  The  Cretan   churches  were  relatively  new—not  in  age  but  existence—church  plants  trying  to   survive  in  an  ungodly  culture.  As  such  there  were  problems  and  issues  that   remained  unfinished,  which  would  be  expected  of  a  relatively  of  young  church.  This   is  why,  for  example,  Paul  commissions  Titus  to  appoint  godly  elders  (1:6-­‐9;  3:12-­‐13;   i.e.,  leadership  that  holds  firmly  to  the  gospel  and  is  characterized  by  godliness  and   will  ground  and  grow  believers  in  the  gospel  and  its  implications  for  church,  home   and  society).  Concerning  Paul’s  final  appeal  to  Titus  in  3:12,  Daniel  Wallace  writes,       This  last  directive  is  mentioned  because  Titus  was  to  come  to  Paul  in   Nicopolis  and  there  would  be  a  “changing  of  the  guard”—that  is  to  say,  Paul   was  sending  either  Artemas  or  Tychicus  to  Crete  to  take  Titus’  place  as  the   apostolic  delegate  (3:12).  It  would  be  necessary  for  Paul  to  address  the  need   for  providing  for  church  leaders  while  Titus  was  still  with  the  Cretans  so  that   he  could  enforce  such  before  an  unknown  delegate  came”  (Introductions  and   Outlines,  http://bible.org/seriespage/titus-­‐introduction-­‐argument-­‐and-­‐ outline)     Paul  calls  on  Titus  to  strongly  oppose  false  teachers  who  spread  a  false  gospel  (1:10-­‐ 16).  He  instructs  Titus  to  exhort  believers  to  live  in  godly  relationships  in  the  church   (2:1-­‐10).  He  instructs  Titus  to  teach  believers  how  to  live  in  the  society  at  large  (a   society  which  holds  to  radically  different  values  and  beliefs;  3:1-­‐14).     To  order  the  Cretan  churches  in  this  correct  manner,  Titus  had  to  ensure  that  they   were  first  grounded  in  the  gospel  (doctrine;  see:  D.  The  Message,  1.  Gospel  below).   Such  grounding  in  the  gospel  produces  godliness  (1:1e,  “…truth  (gospel),  which   accords  with  godliness”).  Therefore,  Titus’s  second  task  is  to  exhort  the  Cretan   believers  to  live  lives  that  adorn  the  gospel  (2:10;  duty/Christian  living/ethics).   Godliness,  as  we  will  come  to  see  has  two  aspects:  reverence  for  God  and  a  life  of   holiness  in  the  church,  home  and  world.     The  church  is  to  be  instructed  (catechized)  in  such  a  way  that  the  gospel  becomes  a   part  of  the  cultural  fabric  of  its  confession  and  practice  (in  contrast  to  the  ungodly   culture  in  which  it  lives  and  works).  Paul  will  teach  us  that  gospel-­‐driven  godliness   is  radically  different  from  the  ungodly  lifestyles  and  corrupt  value  system  of  the   Cretan  culture  in  which  the  Cretan  believers  live  (the  same  is  true  for  us!).  In   contrast  to  the  Cretan  lifestyle,  the  gospel  has  radical  implications  for  life  in  a  “wild   frontier”  (see  Philip  Towner,  The  Letters  to  Timothy  and  Titus,  p.  717).  By  ordering   the  Cretan  churches  around  the  gospel  and  its  implications  for  daily  living,  their   lives  are  to  be  as  radically  different  from  the  culture  of  Crete  as  the  God  who  never   lies  (1:2b)  is  different  from  the  lying  Zeus  of  Cretan  tradition  (1:12,  see  Towner,  The   Letters  to  Timothy  and  Titus,  p.  75).      

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And  so  the  majority  of  Titus  serves  as  basic  instruction  (catechesis)  for  a  new,  young   church  plant  on  how  to  live  gospel-­‐driven  godly  lives  in  the  church,  home  and   society  (see  Mounce,  Pastoral  Epistles,  lxi).     This  brings  us  to  the  main  message  of  Titus.     D.   THE  MESSAGE:  GOSPEL,  GODLINESS,  EVANGELISM     We  can  summarize  the  main  message  of  Titus  in  three  words:  gospel,  godliness  and   evangelism.     1.   GOSPEL     Paul’s  concern  for  the  gospel  is  the  driving  force  behind  Titus  (see  1:1;  in  fact  all  the   pastoral  letters,  see  Fee,  1  &  2  Timothy,  Titus,  p.  15;  see  also  Mounce,  Pastoral   Epistels,  lxxvi).  The  gospel  lies  at  the  heart  of  Titus,  which  should  be  of  no  surprise   since  the  gospel  is  of  first  importance  in  all  things  for  Paul  (cf.  1  Cor.  15:3).  Gordon   Fee  writes,  “One  cannot  read  much  of  Paul  without  recognizing  that  at  the  heart  of   everything  for  him  is  the  gospel,  the  good  news  of  God’s  gracious  acceptance  and   forgiveness  of  sinners,  to  which  the  proper  response  is  faith  (trusting  God  that  he   really  does  accept  sinners)  and  love  toward  others,”  (Ibid,  pp.  14-­‐15).     Throughout  Titus,  Paul  uses  various  designations  to  refer  to  the  gospel  (e.g.,  “the   truth”  (1:1),  “word”  (1:3,  9),  “sound  doctrine”  (1:9;  2:1),  “the  faith”  (1:13),  “the  grace   of  God,”  (2:11),  “trustworthy  saying”  (3:8a;  Note:  This  phrase  refers  to  3:4–7.  For   the  other  “trustworthy  sayings”  see  1  Tim  1:15;  3:1;  4:9;  2  Tim  2:11.  Four  out  of  five   of  Paul’s  “trustworthy  sayings”  is  salvation.  However,  one  cannot  reduce  the   “trustworthy  sayings”  to  just  one  basic  category,  i.e.,  salvation.  see  Mounce,  Pastoral   Epistles,  pp.  48-­‐49).     Titus  is  built  around  two  core  gospel  sections:  2:11-­‐14;  3:4-­‐7.  In  2:11-­‐14,  Paul’s   discussion  of  the  gospel  spans  the  entire  work  of  Christ  for  us  (i.e.,  His  past,  present   and  future  aspects).  It  begins  with  Christ’s  first  coming  in  humility  and  ends  with   His  second  coming  in  glory.  In  3:4-­‐7,  Paul  emphasizes  the  goodness  and   lovingkindness  of  God  our  Savior  (v.  4).  This  good  and  loving  God  has  saved  us  not   because  of  our  good  works  but  by  His  mercy.  Through  the  gospel,  God’s  grace  comes   to  us  by  the  work  of  Christ  for  us  in  His  death  on  the  cross  and  it  is  made  effectual  in   us  by  the  regenerating  and  renewing  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit  (3:5).  This  gospel  is   the  source  of  our  justification  and  the  title  and  hope  of  our  eternal  inheritance  in  the   resurrection  (3:7).  In  1:1-­‐3,  Paul  begins  his  letter  with  a  detailed  discussion  of   gospel  (Apostolic)  ministry.  In  1:6-­‐9,  Paul  instructs  Titus  to  appoint  elders  who  hold   firm  to  the  gospel  and  who  are  able  to  give  instruction  in  sound  doctrine  (i.e.,   teaching  which  flows  out  of  the  gospel,  cf.  1  Tim.  1:10-­‐11).    

 

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However,  Paul  not  only  emphasizes  the  gospel  in  this  letter  but  also  godliness,   which  is  produced  by  the  gospel  (1:1).  This  leads  us  to  the  second  main  message  of   Titus.     2.   GODLINESS     We  must  not  forget  that  the  gospel  of  justification  by  grace  (Titus  3:7)  is  the  same   gospel,  which  accords  with  godliness  (Titus  1:1).  The  gospel  of  grace,  which  freely   justifies  (3:7)  also  powerfully  sanctifies  (Titus  2:11-­‐14).  Martin  Luther  writes,  “By   his  teaching  he  sets  down  what  is  to  be  believed  by  faith,  and  by  his  exhortation  he   sets  down  what  is  to  be  done.  Thus  by  doctrine  (gospel-­‐J.F.)  he  builds  up  faith,  by   exhortation  (law-­‐J.F.)  he  builds  up  life,”  (Luther’s  Works,  vol.  29,  p.  3).     Sound  doctrine  (i.e.,  the  gospel  and  doctrines  that  flow  from  the  gospel)  leads  to   sound  living.  Right  belief  (gospel;  orthodoxy)  always  results  in  right  behavior   (living;  orthopraxy).  Paul  is  setting  forth  “gospel-­‐in-­‐life,”  (i.e.,  how  a  gospel-­‐driven   life  affects  the  believer’s  attitudes  and  actions  toward  the  church,  family  and   society).     This  raises  two  important  observations  we  need  to  pause  and  think  about.  First,   because  godliness  (good  works)  are  rooted  in  and  grow  out  of  the  rich  soil  of  the   gospel,  Titus  shows  us  the  unity  of  doctrine  and  godly  living.  In  a  church  culture   where  we  often  hear  the  slogan,  “Deeds  not  creeds,”  Titus  presents  a  different   picture.  Attention  to  the  gospel  (doctrine)  is  sometimes  avoided  (or  at  least  not   given  self-­‐conscious  focus  but  rather  assumed,  which  ultimately  leads  to  denial)   because  it  is  deemed  divisive,  not  relevant  or  practical,  or  it  produces   coldheartedness  and  pride  and  diminishes  true  passion  for  godliness.  Yet,  Titus   shows  us  how  being  grounded  in  the  gospel  (creeds)  is  precisely  what  leads  to   godliness  (deeds).  We  see  that  gospel-­‐centeredness  produces  zeal  for  godliness!  If   your  life  is  not  growing  in  godliness  you  are  not  gospel-­‐centered  but  rather  self-­‐ centered  or  law-­‐centered.     It  is  also  of  paramount  importance  to  understand  that  all  of  Paul’s  ethical  instruction   in  this  letter  is  based  on  and  flows  from  the  two  gospel  texts  around  which  this   letter  is  written.  We  must  be  careful  to  not  read  Titus  as  a  book  of  moral  virtues   (e.g.,  the  qualifications  for  elders,  see  Gordon  Fee,  1  and  2  Timothy,  pp.  17-­‐18  for  a   helpful,  brief  discussion  on  Christian  ethics  in  the  Pastoral  Epistles.).  Titus  is  not  a   treasury  of  great  moral  stories  (e.g.,  William  Bennett’s  book,  The  Book  of  Virtues).   D.A.  Carson  writes,  “The  letter  makes  it  plain  that  the  Christian  way  is  an  urging  of   people  not  to  pull  themselves  up  by  their  bootstraps,  but  rather  to  rely  on  the  grace   of  God,”  (Introduction  to  the  NT,  p.  584).       Paul  carefully  instructs  on  the  relationship  between  law  and  gospel;  doctrine  and   duty.  The  gospel  of  grace  “instructs”  (educates,  catechizes)  believers  to  renounce   “ungodliness”  and  to  pursue  godliness  (cf.  2:12;  viz.  in  church,  1:6-­‐9;  home,  2:1-­‐15   and  society,  3:1-­‐14).  And  so  we  are  entitling  our  study  of  Titus:  Gospel-­‐Driven    

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Godliness  in  an  Ungodly  World.  The  reason  we  have  chosen  to  not  call  it  “Godly  living   in  an  Ungodly  World”  is  because  this  title  leaves  out  the  gospel  or  at  best  assumes  it,   which  is  the  pathway  to  eventual  denial.  Paul  is  careful  in  1:1  to  combine  the  gospel   and  godliness  (i.e.,  it  is  the  truth  (gospel)  “which  accords  with/produces   godliness.”).  Thus,  the  title,  “Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  in  an  Ungodly  World”   emphasizes  that  the  gospel  is  of  first  importance  and  godliness  is  the  fruit  of  the   gospel.     The  life  then  Paul  exhorts  the  believers  in  Crete  to  live  is  not  a  typical  “Cretan”   lifestyle  but  a  “gospel  lifestyle,”  which  is  fundamentally  different.  A  gospel  lifestyle  is   rooted  in  and  grows  out  of  the  gospel.  It  flows  from  the  regenerating  and  renewing   work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  (3:5).  A  Christian  is  one  who  is  saved  and  forgiven  and   subsequently  empowered  by  the  Spirit  to  live  a  life  that  adorns  the  gospel,  which   leaves  no  room  for  reproach  by  outsiders  (1:6;  2:5).  As  one  Bible  teacher  writes,   “…the  implication  is  that  the  gospel  creates  a  people  capable  of  living  within  human   society,  observing  its  institutions,  speaking  its  language,  embracing  its  good  values,   while  reshaping  and  retooling  others,  in  order  to  bring  redemption  to  it,”  (see  Philip   Towner,  The  Letters  to  Timothy  and  Titus,  p.  740).     This  leads  us  to  third  main  message  of  Titus:  evangelism.     3.   EVANGELISM     Paul  exhorts  Titus  to  ground  and  grow  the  Cretan  believers  in  the  gospel  and  its   implications  in  three  areas:  church,  home  and  society.  The  reason  for  such  gospel-­‐ driven  godliness  is  evangelism.  Godliness  adorns  the  gospel  (2:10)  and  prevents  it   from  being  “reviled”  by  an  unbelieving  world  (2:5).  Paul’s  concern  then  is  not  only   for  the  truth  of  the  gospel  (1:5-­‐16)  but  also  the  reputation  of  the  gospel  (1:6;  3:8).     This  raises  another  important  observation  we  need  to  pause  and  briefly  consider.   In  contemporary  Evangelicalism,  we  often  hear  calls  for  believers  to  live  the  gospel   or  be  the  gospel  to  our  neighbors.  It  is  summarized  by  the  popular  slogan,  "Preach   the  gospel.  Use  words  if  necessary."  Again,  Titus  also  addresses  this  popular  but   misguided  notion.  Such  talk,  even  if  it  is  well  intentioned,  confuses  the  law  and   gospel  and  is  terribly  misleading.  This  slogan  characterizes  the  postmodern   assumption  that  words  are  finally  empty  of  meaning.    It  subtly  denigrates  the  high   value  that  Paul  put  on  preaching  (cf.  Titus  1:3b-­‐c).  Of  course  we  want  our  lives  to   match  our  words  as  much  as  possible,  which  is  Titus’  concern!  But  it  is  vital  to   maintain  a  distinction  between  the  gospel  and  its  fruit.  The  gospel  is  an   announcement—a  message—and  it  is  not  about  our  lives!  We  must  recognize  that   the  gospel  is  not  an  announcement  about  our  work.  When  is  the  last  time  you   incarnated  yourself  (Philip.  2:6-­‐8)?  Who  can  say,  “I  always  do  the  things  that  are   pleasing  to  Him,”  [the  Father-­‐J.F.,  Jn.  8:29)?  Have  you  propitiated  the  wrath  of  God   by  substitutionary  atonement  (Rom.  3:25)?  Have  you  raised  yourself  from  the  dead   (Jn.  2:19)?      

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The  answers  to  these  questions  are  an  obvious  resounding,  “No!”  Our  lives  are  bad   news,  really  bad  news!  Graeme  Goldsworthy  offers  this  vital  insight,       We  recognize  that  the  gospel  tells  us  of  the  absolutely  unique  work  of  Christ,   both  in  His  living  and  His  dying,  by  which  we  are  saved  through  faith.  We   cannot  imitate  or  live  the  gospel  event  as  such.  We  can  only  believe  it.  We   cannot  work  our  way  to  heaven  by  moral  endeavor.  We  can  only  depend  on   the  finished  work  of  Christ  for  us.  We  cannot  command  other  people  to  live   or  do  the  gospel.  We  must  proclaim  the  message  of  what  God  has  done  for   them  in  Christ.  We  follow  the  New  Testament  in  calling  on  people  to  live  out   the  implications  of  the  gospel,  but  we  cannot  urge  people  to  actually  live  the   gospel,  for  that  was  the  unique  work  of  Christ,”  (Preaching  the  Whole  Bible  as   Christian  Scripture,  p.  4).     The  point  then  is  this:  Our  lives  do  not  preach  the  gospel  but  they  can  tarnish  its   reputation  and  thereby  serve  as  a  hindrance  to  evangelism.     We  can  summarize  then  the  main  message  of  Titus  as:     Grounding  and  growing  believers  in  the  gospel,  which  produces  godliness  in  the   church,  home  and  society  for  the  sake  of  guarding  the  reputation  of  the  gospel   in  an  unbelieving  world  (2:5,  7-­‐8,  10;  3:1,  8).     Finally,  this  brings  us  to  the  outline  of  Titus.     E.   OUTLINE:  GOSPEL-­‐DRIVEN  GODLINESS     Titus  may  be  outlined  as  follows:     I.   Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  and  Paul's  Apostleship  (1:1-­‐4)     II.   Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  and  Church  Leadership  (1:5-­‐16)     III.   Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  and  Church  Membership  (2:1-­‐15)     IV.   Gospel-­‐Driven  Godliness  and  Christian  Citizenship  (3:1-­‐15)     REFLECTION:     Titus  is  a  hidden  treasure  for  the  church,  particularly  young  church  plants.   Rediscovering  this  brief  New  Testament  gem  will  order  the  church  in  a  correct   manner  around  the  centrality  of  the  gospel  and  its  implications  for  our  lives  in  the   church,  home  and  society.  Martin  Luther  writes,  “This  is  a  short  Epistle,  but  a  model   of  Christian  doctrine,  in  which  is  included,  in  masterly  fashion,  all  that  is  necessary   for  a  Christian  to  know  and  live  by”  (quoted  in  D.  Emond  Hiebert,  Introduction  to  the    

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NT,  p.  346).  Thus,  Luther  is  correct  when  he  says,  “We  should  be  imbued  (saturated-­‐ J.F.)  with  the  attitudes  that  are  taught  in  it,”  (Luther’s  Works,  vol.  29,  p.  3).       ©  John  Fonville     Permissions:  Permission  is  happily  granted  to  reproduce  and  distribute  this   material  in  any  format  provided  that  you  do  not  revise  the  wording  in  any  way  and   do  not  charge  a  fee  beyond  the  cost  of  reproduction.  For  web  posting,  a  link  to  this   document  on  Paramount’s  website  is  preferred.  Any  exceptions  to  the  above  must   be  approved  by  John  Fonville.     Please  include  the  following  statement  on  any  distributed  copy:  By  John  Fonville  

 

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