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NEW BOOKS High-Temperature Measurements. By H. L e Chateliev and 0 . Boudouard. Authorized Translations and Additions by G. ZC. Burgess. Second edifiori, revised and enlarged. z2 X z8 cm; pp. xu 34z. New York :John Wiley and Sons, ‘904, lovice: $3.00.--The appearance of the second edition of the translation of this book gives some idea of the interest in high temperature measurements. The text has been increased by one hundred pages, the new matter being chiefly in the division on heat radiation and optical pyrometry. The chapter on electrical resistance pyrometry has been amplified but is still much too brief. A few indefinite statements occur. Thus (p. 86) “ T h e vapor density of this substance (iodine) decreases with rise of temperature, this effect being attributed to a doubling of the iodine molecule.” Failure to letter the cut (p. 38) makes the text difficult reading. Following the French edition, n a n y of the cuts are unlettered and a few are not even described. Descriptions of the F6ry and Wanner pyrometers have been included. The chapter on recording pyfometry has been brought up to date by including Saladin’s ingenious, but not very useful instrument. The fact that no accurate calibration of this instrument is possible, limits its usefulness t o relative determinations of the critical points of steel. I n the chapter on standardization one meets the old error, of assuming that t h e temperature to which a substance rises, after surfusion, is the freezing-point. However, this chapter collects all of the most reliable information as to fixed points and in this respect will prove very useful t o users of pyrometers. Throiighout, the translator has kept the limitations of the instruments well in mind, but he could have placed more emphasis on the relation between the resistance and thermoelectric pyrometers. Every year sees students trying to measure temperatures of one or two hundred degrees with a platinum-rhodium thermocouple. This revision is a great improvement over the French edition but one is tempted to quarrel with the translator for not giving us a new book instead. I t is not the history but the practice of pyrometry that needs elucidation ; we need instructions in the actual making of these measurements. Until such a book is forthcoming, the translation will serve as our most complete source of informaE. S. Shepherd tion on high temperature measurements.

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The Electric Furnace. By Henvi Moissnn. Authorized Translafion by Victor Lenher. 4’5 x 23 cin ;pp. ix -I- 302. Easton : The Chemical Publishi n g Company, Z g 0 4 . The Electric Furnace. By Henvi Moissan. Translated by A . T. de Mouilpied. z4 X 23 cin; pp. x 307, London: Edward Arnold, ‘904. Price: $2.75. While a translation of Moissan’s book is much to be desired, it seems a pity to overload the market with two. The same thing was done in the case of van’ t off's lectures. Apparently both translations are authorized since the American

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edition contains a special preface by Moissan of date May I O , 1903, and the English edition one dated July, 1904. Both editions contain a great deal that was not i n the French original. The pages on the carbides of potassium, sodium, neodymium, praseodymium, magnesium, berglliuni and iron are new, and there are a number of extra pages on calcium carbide. The silicides of manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and platinum were not mentioned in the French edition and neither were the borides of calcium, strontium and barium. The chapter on the phosphides, sulphides and arsenides is also new The English edition, being of later date, contains an account of some compounds not to be found in the American edition, such as samarium and vanadium carbides, and the silicides of vanadium, cerium and tungsten. I t must be admitted that the Bmerican translation is inferior in point of style to the other, and the absence of an index is very annoying. One translation or the other should be found in every Wilder D.BanrroJt chemical laboratory. Recherches sur I’Hydrodynamique. By P.Duhein. Deun-idme serie. zz X 28 cnz; p p . r53. Pavis : Gauthiev- Villars, (904.- Sonietinie ago ( 7 , 592) me called attention to thepiwniBre skvie of Duhetn’s revision of the theory of hydrodynamics, in which the thermal phenomena that hydrodynamic processes involve are brought into the account. X deuxidine sPiw of these researches has since been issued, treating of limiting conditions, the theorem of Lagrange and viscosity, coefficients of viscosity and viscosity in the neighborhood of the J . E . Tyevor critical state. Die Darstellung des Zinks auf elektrolytischen Wege. By E n d Gzrnfher. ( Monograjhzen uber angewandfe Elekti-oclwinze. X V I . Band. ) r6 X 24 cnz; pp. x i i 24’. H a l l e : Wilhelm Knapp, rgo4. Piice: papey, ro marks. Three-quarters of the book is devoted to the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of zinc salts, The material is classified primarily as to the solubility or insolubility of the ariodes. The Roessler-Edelmann process for refining zinc rich in silver comes under the first head as does also Rontchewsky’s laboratory method for getting lead peroxide a t the anode and zinc a t the cathode. When an insoluble anode is used, the only solutions which need be considered are sodium zincate and zinc chloride. Of the two the latter is the only one which has proved much of a success commercially. The Hoepfner process was worked for a while at Furfurt and a special form of it is a commercial success in England. A s the author worked under Hoepfner a t one time, the account of Hoepfner’s difficulties and his successes is quite full. Thirty pages near the end of the book deal with the electrolysis of fused zinc chloride, including the Swinburne-ilshcroft process while another thirty pages are given u p to a general statement of costs. One of the great difficulties i n the electrolytic extraction of zinc is the tendency of the zinc to precipitate in an unsatisfactory manner a t the cathode. Under these circumstances one would suppose that the first thing to do would be to study systematically the conditions affecting the electrolytic precipitation of zinc. As a matter offact this apparently has never been done. The work of Mylius and Fromm and of Foerster and Gunther is good as far as it goes but it does not begin to cover the ground. I t is an open question whether the evil effects of a low current density, p. 145,are not imaginary. No explanation is

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offered for the beneficial effect, p. 146, of chilling the solutions. Amberg’s experiments on the electrolysis of zincate solutions, p . 61, were made for analytical purposes and do not touch the main question at all. The author evidently does not see the bearing of Nahnsen’s experiments, p. 65, on the effect of other metals. While Foerster and Gunther did not get the I j o percent yield of zinc which Ashcroft is said to have obtained by electrolyzing basic zinc chloride, p. 139, there is no certainty that Ashcroft’s conditions were duplicated. Among the interesting minor points brought out are the deleterious action of pitch, pi 110; the formation of an organic acid, p. 143 ; and the unexplained difficulty with chlorine in cold weather, p. 163. The book is valuable for what it brings and also because it calls our attention indirectly to what has not been Wilder D. Bancroft done. Electric Furnaces and Their Industrial Applications. B y J . Wright. ( 4 x 288. N e w !’o,*k : The N o r m a n W. HenZey Publishing Co., ~gog.-This book is, an admirable compilation and will be of distinct value in the laboratory. The headings to the chapters are : Historical and general ; arc furnaces ; resistance furnaces and typical processes ; calcium carbide manufacture ; iron and steel production in the electric furnace ; phosphorus mandfacture in the electric furnace ; glass manufacture in the electric furnace; electrolytic furnaces and processes ; niiscellaneous electric furnace processes ; laboratory furnaces and experimental research ; tube furnaces ; terminal connections and electrodes : efficiency and theoretical considerations ; measurement of furnace temperatures. There is a certain lack of proportion in devoting six pages to the SwinburneAshcroft zinc process and about half a page, with n o cut, to the Castner sodium process, The cut for the Acker process does not represent the furnace as it is. One is also a little inclined to doubt the absolute accuracy of the statement that a temperature of 3867’ C is obtained i n the Machalske phosphorus furnace five minutes after starting. 4 great deal of miscellaneous information has been gathered together and much of this will prove useful to the student. Thus there are descriptions of the furnaces of Hutton and Petavel, Howe, Potter and Heraeus. The kryptol furnace is not mentioned but that is because the book appeared in I904 though the publishers have seen fit to put 1905 on the title-page. The chapter on temperature measurement is valuable though one should not use a platinum reWilder D. Bancroft sistance thermometer for temperatures above 500’. 22

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By A. Hantzsch. Second enlayq-ed a n d imJohn Ambvosius Rarth, (904. Price: paper, 5.60 ; bozmd, 6.40 mavks. -The book begins with a short historical account of the evolution of stereochemistry, followed by 53 pages on isomGrundriss der Stereochemie.

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erism due to asymmetric carbon and 5 on optically active derivatives of nitrogen, sulphur, and tin. The next 4s pages are devoted to the geometrical isomerism of optically inactive carbon compounds, and the remaining 70 t o organic compounds containing nitrogen, ammonio-cobalt and platinum derivatives, and Bischoff’s Sterische li%ndevu?zgen. The stereochemistry of the ten years ” is thus compressed into one-third of the work, the remaining space beingreserved for the tiewer and consequently more interesting developments of the subject.

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The readers of this Journal will be specially interested in the numerous cases in which physico-chemical measurements have been used to settle questions of configuration, in the grouping of the bases according to their action on chlorsuccinic acid, in the equilibrium between syiidiazo and diazonium compounds, and in the references to problems of chemical kinetics scattered through the book. There are numerous, though not exhaustive, references to the literature, W. Lash Miller and a five page index. Elektrizitat und Materie. By J . J . Thomson. ( D i e Wissenschaft, H e f t 3 ) . Autorisierte Ubersetzung von G. Siebevl. r4 x 22 c m ;pp. vi + roo. B1,aunschweig : Friedrich Vieweg und Sor‘an, ‘904. Price : paper, 3 ; bozLnd, 3.60 marks. -The current third volume of the promising series of monographs issued under the general title Die Wissenschufi is a German translation of J. J. Thomson’s Silliinaii Lectures on Electricity and Matter. The very considerable interest of these lectures has already been pointed out in this Journal (8,507), in an appreciative review of the original text as published by the Nrs, Hepsa Ely Sillinian Foundation. The promptness of the issue of this German J . E . Trevor version is extremely praiseworthy. Abriss der allgemeinen oder physikalischen Chemie. BJJCarl A m o / d . r3 X pp. viii f ‘23. H a m b w g : Leopold Voss, 1903. Price: bouizd, 2 mzrks.-This book is an example of marvelous condensation, and should be of value to students preparing for an examination. It seems doubtful whether it would be especially valuable to any one just taking u p the subject. Ostwald’s little book on introductory physical chemistry is coiidensed to a point that gives the ordinary student mental indigestion and it is a mammoth volume in Wildev D.Bnncvofi comparison with this one.

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Grundziige der Kristallographie. By C. M. Viola. r 6 X 26 cm. ;pp. x 389. Leipzig : Wilhelnz Engeli?zaizn, (904. Price : paper, zr ; bound, r z wzarks.-This is an elementary text-book by one of the foremost crystallographers of the day, treating the subject in the light of the most recent contributions to the science. The nine chapters after the introduction are deroted to the following topics : Derivation of the fundamental law, crystal drawing, fundamental forms, harmony, shape, intergrowths ( Verwuchsuzgeiz), symmetry, chetnico-physical relations, and, finally, geometrical structure. The prominence given to the conceptions cohesion and harmony constitutes, per. haps, the most characteristic distinction from o,ther elementary crystallograA . C. Gill phies. Annuaire pour 1’An 1905. PzLblib par le Bureazr des L o q i t u d e s . ro X 15 cm. Paris : Gazithier- Vd1ar.s. Price, paper, 1.50; post-paid, r.85 francs.The Annuaire of the Bureau of Longitudes appears promptly, with its usual extensive tabulations of astronomical, physical, and chemical data. The special feature of the issue is the continuation, from the preceding volume, of the article by M. P. Hatt, giving an elementary account of the tides. J . E. Trevor