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New Books

present monograph’s designs are rather modest by comparison, certainly much less ambitious than one might infer from the title. A reasonable frame of reference with regard to the author’s intentions is established by the fol-

lowing quotation from comments on the overleaf: “The book has been written with the preparative chemist in mind. All the basic equations are pre-

sented and discussed, but emphasis has been placed on using the various electrochemical techniques quickly, without an extensive knowledge of electrochem-

istry. The book is intended primarily for final year undergraduates, and for postgraduate students and research workers in inorganic chemistry.” After reading a few chapters, one finds that the main concern of the author is the characterization of n-values, formal electrode potentials and stable oxidation states associated with inorganic redox couples. He emphasizes the important fact that modern electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetery, allow one to determine rivalries and formal electrode potentials under conditions where classical methods would be impotent—e.g., when one form of the redox couple is markedly unstable. A major theme is that such electrochemical measurements should be part of any routine characterization of new inorganic species, along with the usual spectroscopic methods, etc. The main thrust of the discussion is toward simple, reversible electrode reactions; specifically, what information is obtainable with such systems and how one establishes reversibility. Effects which lead to more complex, nonrcversible electrode reactions are mentioned, but the author avoids much discussion of what can be done in the latter instance, justifying this action with the outlook that few inorganic chemists will be interested in “detailed,” “specialized” studies. Once oriented with regard to the author’s intentions, many should find this

rather delightful and useful little book. It represents a reasonably effective distillation of those aspects of modern electrochemistry which are imof inorportant. to the main concerns ganic chemists, as viewed by the author. The main topics covered are: (a) direct potentiometry; (b) polarographv and voltammetry; (c) electrode reaction kinetics; (d) techniques for verifying reversibility; (e) controlled potential electrolysis and coulometry; (f) aqueous solutions; (g) nonaqueous solutions, and; (h) molten salts. The discussion is on a strictly pragmatic level (although instrumentation is not discussed) and subjects like cell design, solvent purification, and data analysis are highlighted. With the a

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exception of the kinetics of the heterogecharge transfer step, negligible attention is given to basic principles. A most refreshing aspect of this book is found in the examples employed, and which are up-to-date and most relevant, to modern inorganic chemistry. Thus, rather than the old stand-by, cadmium in aqueous media, one is more likely to find mention of a transition metal dithiolene or 71-dicarbollyl dimethylformamide when a particular point is illustrated. The treatment of and emphasis on non aqueous solvents is commendable and timely. The extensive tables of data (25 + appendix) add substantially to the practical utility of this text. The level of the discussion is quite appropriate for the intended audience wdiose interest in electrochemistry is presumably casual. However, a wTord of warning to the reader in this category is in order. One should not allow7 oneself to believe that detailed insights into the basics of modern electrochemistry are obtainable from this text (as I am sure the author did not intend). The discussion of basic principles is at best superficial and, in a few7 instances, misleading. For example, on page 25 an ambiguous test for reversibility is forwarded (what is given is a necessary, but not sufficient condition) and on page 31 one is misled with regard to the significance of the half-wave potential of a catalytic w7ave. Also, the frequent use of the terminology “slow chemical reaction” to characterize chemical rate processes which might have associated relaxation times in the submillisecond range, and certainly no larger than 1020 seconds, may be properly interpreted by a fraction of the intended audience, but not by most. neous

New Books Energy Transfer

chemistry.

and

Organic Photo-

A. A. Lamola and N. J.

Turro, xii + 374 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1969. $18.50

This book is volume XIV of a series entitled “Technique of Organic Chemistry.” Chapter I contains a discussion of fundamental photophvsical and photochemical concepts, and is intended to lay a foundation for the later chapters. The material covers elementary spectroscopic, energetic, and photochemical concepts and definitions, as well as a brief summary of classes of photochemical reaction. In Chapter II emphasis is placed on energy transfer in organic photochemistry, an area with very substantial and rapid advance which has become a focus of photochemistry research. The purpose of this chapter is

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 42, NO. 4, APRIL 1970

to review the various electronic energy transfer processes from both theoretical

and phenomenological viewpoints and to review the scope and limitations of excitation transfer methods in photochemistry and spectroscopy. In the third chapter, the important areas of photochemistry of organic molecules are surveyed by emphasizing the similarities and correlations between the photochemical behavior of different organic molecules. In the final chapter, the advances in photochemical methods are reviewed primarily for the organic chemists; therefore, the chapter deals only with liquid systems and the emphasis is on physical and preparative experimental techniques that require a minimum of specialized apparatus. This volume contains both an author index and a subject index. One-dimensional Two-phase Flow. Graham B. Wallis, xxi + 408 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10036. $16.50

This book is intended both as a text for senior-graduate level courses in advanced fluid mechanics and as a reference for engineers. It fulfills three major functions: (1) it serves as a basic introductory book in the field; (2) presents basic principles, methods, nomenclature, and kinematic descriptions; (3) coordinates the various disciplines—e.g., mechanical, civil, chemical—which make use of similar techniques. This is also the first book that treats flows of solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid mixtures in ducts, channels, and nozzles in any detail and with such a broad range of practical applications. The text is divided into two sections. Part I examines analytical techniques which the author has purposely chosen for their generality and usefulness in predicting parameters which arc of engineering interest. Part II, which is organized around particular phase combinations and flow regimes, incorporates all the techniques which have already been developed in the first half of the text and uses them whenever they are appropriate for a particular situation. Organic Syntheses, Vol. 49. Kenneth ix + 159 pages. B. Wiberg, Editor, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1969. $7.95 This is an annual publication of satisfactory methods for the preparation of organic chemicals. The preparations in this volume, like those in earlier volumes of this book, fall into two major categories. In one category are the procedures that illustrate general synthetic methods of importance and nov-

New Books

city, while in the other arc procedures for the preparation of compounds of specific interest in many fields of organic chemistry. This trend toward an emphasis on the first category reflects the continuing development of new general synthetic methods in the current remarkable upsurge of synthetic organic chemistry. This volume contains

a

subject index.

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4th ed. I. M. Kolthoff, E. B. Sandell, E. J. Meehan, and Stanley Bruckenstein. xii + 1199 pages. Macmillan Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022. 1969. $14.95

This book is the fourth edition of an internationally renowned text which provides students with both theoretical and practical aspects of analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis, and instrumental analysis. This text is suitable for use in both elementary and advanced courses in analytical chemistry. It provides an excellent supplement for courses in chemical equilibria, optical methods of analysis, and electroanalytical chemistry. Advanced treatments of all types of chemical equilibria, errors, separations, precipitates, and other theoretical topics of analytical imThis

new

UV flow photometer has the

high sensitivity required for chromatographic trace analysis along with the broad range and flow capacity needed for preparative work. Chromatronix Model 200 combines a linear absorbance range from .0001 to 3.0 O.D. with very low noise and drift—less than .0004 O.D. Low drift is insured by a unique multiplexed double-beam system, which uses a single vacuum diode detector to eliminate differential temperature drift. Measurements can be made on any of ten absorbance ranges (from .01 O.D. full scale to 5.12 O.D. full scale) or on a single 0 to 100% transmittance scale. Recorder outputs of 1 mv and 10 mv are supplemented by a 0 to 1 ma output, which will drive low-cost galvanometric recorders. Two interchangeable plugin flow cells are available: an 8-/4 cell for micro-column analyses and a 32-/il cell for monitoring preparative separations, density-gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis. The optical chamber is sealed and can be purged with dry gas to prevent condensation in cold rooms. Chromatronix also offers a new ultrasensitive, wide range conductivity monitor for chromatography. Inquiry will bring you literature on it as well.

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portance, and chemical methods are included in this text. The aim of this book is to familiarize the student with both classical and physico-chemical analysis, with attention to practice as well as to principles. This text contains a wealth of information not found in any other single book and will serve as a part of the permanent library of the student .

Chemical Encyclopedia of Industrial Analysis, Vol. 8. Foster Dee Snell and Leslie S. Ettre, Editors, xvi + 737 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1969. $35.00 subscription, $45.00 single copy This volume of the Encyclopedia is devoted to industrial chemicals. The main entries are divided into four major groups: (1) Individual Compounds—certain compounds, by virtue of their commercial significance or the complexity of the analytical chemistry involved, have been selected as subjects of separate articles; (2) Elements and Their Compounds—these articles compile information related to the element itself, its alloys if any, and those compounds which do not warrant treatment in a separate article; (3) Compounds of Similar Chemical Structure—articles of this nature deal with organic compounds containing the same functional group; (4) Compounds with the Same End Use—articles in this category are intended to aid the analyst who is called

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 42, NO. 4. APRIL 1970

upon to characterize

or evaluate materials which are known to have been manufactured for a particular purpose. In addition to these four types of articles, the main body of the encyclopedia contains a limited number of articles devoted to general methods and techniques. The main subject of the encyclopedia is analytical chemistry. Some chemical technology is included for the purpose of indicating to the analyst, what impurities may be present in commercial grade materials.

Crystal Structures, 2nd ed. Vol. 6, Part 1. Ralph W. G. Wyckoff. viii + 455 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1969. $27.50

This sixth volume deals with the structure of benzene derivatives. The single volume that W'as given over to structures containing cyclic organic molecules in the loose-leaf edition of this book has been expanded into three volumes. This, the first of these volumes

which

covers

Part

1

of Chapter

XV, deals with compounds which have

single benzene ring per molecule. Efwere made to arrange these compounds in a way that will associate together those that are chemically related. The classification which wras cho-

a

forts

is based on the number of substitutions in the ring. This method is straightforward except for the chelates, wiiere the molecule can be taken either as the entire complex or as one of the chelated groups. In this volume the second alternative permits grouping together, for instance, all the derivatives of salicylic acid. If this step is borne in mind, it should not be too difficult to locate a compound in the text even without the use of the master table or index. This volume contains both an author index and a subject index. sen

Handbook of Analytical Toxicology. Irving Sunshine, Editor, xiv + 1081 pages. The Chemical Rubber Co., 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128. 1969. $26.00

This handbook collates many data that are essential to scientists concerned with the analysis of drugs, economic poisons, industrial chemicals, and environmental hazards. In addition to collating the physical and chemical properties of drugs and chemical hazards, summaries of published methods for their detection in biological specimens are presented. The reader is given an insight into the analytical approach to the analysis of many compounds and a specific reference wherein the essential details can be found. The result of a quantitative analysis is usually interpreted by comparing it with

New Books

suitable reference data. These data, as they refer to exposed humans, have been collected and tabulated. They should prove valuable, not only to analysts, but also to those who must interpret analytical results—pharmacologists, toxicologists, physicians, industrial hygienists, and scientists in the drug industry and governmental agencies. Because many of these scientists are also interested in how the body handles the products described, data on human absorption, excretion, and metabolism also have been assembled and tabulated for easy reference. Because many data were obtained in different laboratories, using different instruments or reference substances of varying degrees of purity, the reported values may differ from those of primary standards for the same substances, where available. Because the latter are seldom available and usually are not those involved in daily problems, the published data should be adequate.

free brochure outlines 88 applications for new thermal analysis system new approach to thermal analysis provides a unique solution for characterizing high molecular weight organic mixtures. Reflecting the volatility and thermal decomposition patterns of a sample's organic constituents, this technique achieves results previously impossible with conventional mass spectrometry, absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and thermogravimetry. Applications range from fundamental research in organic and polymer chemistry to routine quality control and testing. Specific data developed by this new analytical technique includes volatility patterns, quantitative determination of minor components,

Carle's

thermal degradation patterns in inert and reactive atmospheres, vapor pressure measurements, and thermal stability of organic materials designed for high temperature applications. A new twelve-page brochure outlines eighty-eight potential usages covering such fields of interest as: Electronic Components Aerospace Polymers Air Pollution Rubber Explosives Biomedical Food Solid Fuels Container & Packaging Food Chemistry Textiles Materials Pesticides Water Chemical Manufacture Petroleum Analysis The significance of actual thermograms from these fields are discussed. Also included are complete specifications on this new instrument, the Carle Model 3000 Thermal Analysis System. Write today for your free copy. •

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 42, NO. 4, APRIL 1970

U. S. Government Publications The following may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402; the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va. 22151; or local U. S. Department of Commerce Field Offices. Nuclear and Physical Properties of CaliA. fornlum-252 (BNL-50168). Prince. Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y., for AEC. April 1969. 91 pages.

Presents experimental and calculated data on decay properties, µ activity, and spontaneous fission including mass distribution, kinetic energy of fission fragments, energy and angular distribution of neutrons, nuclear charge distribution, prompt and delayed neutrons and gamma rays, and tri-partition of k-

X-rays. Radio-Release in Review (ORNL-11C18) (with special emphasis on 85KR clathrates and kryptonates). Joan E. Carden. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., for AEC. July 1969. 46 pages.

This review discusses the developof the radio-release method, in which a nonradioactive component is determined indirectly by the quantitative release of a radioactive material from a radioactive reagent with which the sample is contacted. Eighteen successful radio-release techniques are discussed in detail with special emphasis on the highly versatile Kryptonates, and sensitivity data are presented. ment