Recent Patents - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry (ACS Publications)

---

74

T H E JOC‘R,VAL OF I I ; D L S T R I A L AiYD E-\-GISEERII\~G

convention, which meets every ten years, is to elect the Committee of Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia (which undertakes the active work of revision) and also to formulate general instructions for the guidance of this latter body. The Convention is a n incorporated body, whose membership is made up of delegates from the following national associations: the American Medical Association, the American Pharmaceutical Association and the American Chemical Society; in addition, the membership includes representatives from the Medical Departments of the Army and Navy, and Marine Hospital Service, also delegates from incorporated medical colleges and medical schools connected with incorporated colleges and universities; incorporated colleges of pharmacy and pharmaceutical schools connected with incorporated universities; incorporated medical and pharmaceutical associations. The officers of the Convention of 1900-’IOare: Prof. H . C. ST‘ood, M.D., Philadelphia, president; Prof. H. M. Ii’helpley, M.D., St. Louis, secretary; G. n‘. Cook, M.D., Iyashington, treasurer. The actual labor of revision rests upon a committee of 2 5 , of which Prof. J. P. Remington, of Philadelphia, is chairman. The business matters attending the publication and financial management are controlled by a Board of Trustees, the chairman of which is Chas. E. Dohme, of Baltimore. The general convention which will be held next May, preparatory to the ninth decennial revision of the Pharmacopoeia, will be the most important yet held, owing to the very prominent part this work has occupied as the Government standard authority on the purity of drugs and chemicals in the enactment of the Pure Food and Drugs Act.

V. COBLENTZ. F I F T H GEIiERAL MEETING O F T H E \TESTERS ASSOCIATIOS OF TECHXICAL CHEMISTS AND iVETALLURGISTS. The fifth annual session of the Association was a three-day’ tri-city meeting held on the 6th, 7th and 8th of January, rgro’ a t Boulder, Golden and Denver, Colorado. The Boulder meeting included a visit to the sugar factory a t Longmont, Colorado, and general inspection of the laboratories and shops of the state university a t Boulder. The sugar factory a t Longmont is one of the largest and most modern in the state, and offered the visitors an opportunity to observe the latest and best practice in beet sugar manufacture. At Boulder the chemical fraternity, Alpha Chi Sigma, provided a n informal luncheon a t the chemical laboratory a t 6 : 30 P.x., after which the meeting convened for the reading and discussion of papers. The following papers were presented: Harry J . Wolf. “Chlorine Cells.” H. B . Hnllowell. “ T h e Metallurgy of the Ores of Cobalt, Ontario, Canada.” A. L. Tatum. “ T h e Use of the Immersion Refractometer in Standardizing Solutions.” R . R . Knowles. “ T h e Mineral Waters of Steamboat Springs, Colorado.”

The second day’s meeting a t Golden included a visit to Coor’s brewery and inspection of the shops and laboratories of the state school of mines. The Integral Club extended the use of its club rooms, and the faculty of the school tendered a supper a t 6: 00 P . M . Following this, a meeting was held in Stratton Hall of Metallurgy for the reading and discussion of papers. The following papers were presented: J. E . Edwards. “Notes on Ore-Roasting.” A . 0. Kellopg. “The Partridge Hot-blast Furnace.” Dr. Herman Fleck. “ T h e Search for Radium-bearing 3Iinerals.” J . C . Bailar. “Review of Industrial and Manufacturing Chemistry.” V , H . Gottschalk. “Rei-iew of Analytical Chemistry for 1909.”

CHEillISTRY.

Feb., 1910

The third day of the meeting was devoted to visits to smelters and, chemical manufacturing industries of Denver, these trips having been arranged to suit the preference of those in attendance. In the evening was held the fifth annual banquet a t the Auditorium hotel. At this meeting Dr. W.D. Engle delivered the president’s annual address on the “Progress in Theoretical Chemistry during 1909.’’ The entire meeting was interesting and successful from every point of view and showed the progress which the Association is making in handling the problems of n‘estern chemistry and metallurgy.

RECENT PAT€NTS. The folloning patents relating to Industrial and Engineering Chemistry are reported by C. L. Parker, solicitor of patents, McGill Building, n’ashington, D. C. Only a few patents which are deemed of greatest importance are abstracted in this department. Abstracts of all patents appear regularly in Chemical Abstracts to which publication the reader is referred. 9 4 3 , 1 3 2 . Electrolyte and Method of Electrodepositing Nickel. EDWARD F. KERS. Patented Dec. 7, 1909. This electrolyte and process of electrodepositing nickel therefrom are founded upon the discovery that a smooth, dense, coherent and adherent deposit of nickel can be obtained by the electrolysis of a solution of fluo-silicate of nickel, preferably associated in the bath with ammonium fluorid or ammonium fluorid and aluminum fluo-silicate. The following is stated to be preferred composition of the electrolyte:

Ammonium fluorid. . . . . . . . , . , . , , , , . , , . , Aluminum fluo-silicate. . . . . , , , , . , . . . , . . ,

5 parts.

5 parts.

942,207. Process of Treating the Spent Liquor of Paper Mills. I. KITSEE. Patented Dec. 7, 1909. This invention relates to a process of treating the spent liquor of paper or pulp mills, so a s to be enabled to extract from such spent liquor the caustic or alkali, and also to extract from said liquor the resinous and allied substances, and it is the further object of the invention, t o prepare the reclaimed caustic or alkali in a manner so as to impart to the same the causticity necessary for its reemployment. One of the methods of practicing this process is as follows: spent liquor is made the electrolyte in an electrolytic apparatus, consisting of two compartments, a positive compartment and a negative compartment, preferably separated from each other by a porous septum. Each of these compartments is provided with a n electrode; the electrode of the negative compartment may consist of copper, iron or lead or other suitable conductor, but the electrode of the positive compartment should consist if possible of a material not injuriously affected by the electrolyzing action of the current. The negative electrode or the electrode contained in the negative compartment is connected to the negative pole of the charging circuit, and the electrode contained in the positive compartment is connected to the positive pole of the charging circuit. In a short time, the test will show that the contents of the negative compartment has acquired a stronger alkaline reaction than the contents of the positive compartment. After the current has passed through the electrolytic apparatus for a sufficient length of time, it was found that all the alkali had accumulated in the negative compartment and all the acid

E: EC E S T P A TE-Y T.C . injected gas.

- w

15

The nitrid resulting from the reaction, being

Z5iy.d.

J

J-

in the positive compartment, but the liquid in' the negative compartment remained surcharged with various matters and it needed a second process to clarify this liquid. The illustration shows a preferred form of apparatus for use in the practice of the process.

943,132. Process of Producing Nitrids. Patented Dec. 14,1909.

is

CHARLES E. . ~ c K E R .

This process relates to the electrolytic produhtion of nitrids, especially those of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals. The process comprises the steps of electrolyzing a molten compound of the metal which is to be combined with nitrogen, alloying the separated metal XTith a cathode metal, reacting on the alloyed metal with a nitrogenous gas, and returning the residual metal to the cathode. Incidental steps are the injection of the nitrogenous gas in a direction to cause or assist the circulation of the alloy and residual metal; and the cooling of the alloy before treatment with the gas, especially by maintaining opposed adjacent streams of the alloy and residual metal. The apparatus illustrated has the general construction of that heretofore devised by the inventor for the production of caustic alkali, the electrolytic cell comprising a cast-iron vessel I lined a t the sides x i t h magnesia brick 2 , enclosed in brickwork 3 and covered by a refractory slab 1,through which pass the depending carbon anodes j. I n the bottom of the vessel is a shallow layer 6 of a molten heavy inert metal such as lead, constituting the cathode, upon which is the molten electrolyte 7 . The vessel I is connected by delivery and return pipes or ducts 8, 9 to a separate chamber IO, into which the nitrogenous gas may be introduced by a valved pipe I I . The delivery pipe 8 is provided with a series of annular heat-radiating flanges 1 2 , to cool the alloy therein. The circulation of the alloy and metal may be effected either solely by the current of injected gas, or by a mechanical device, or by both. If desired, the alloy may be cooled by injecting a regulated amount of a cooled and compressed gaseous reagent. The reaction chamber I O is of the general construction of t h a t employed in the inventor's caustic alkali apparatus. comprising a vertical central pipe 11,which receives the molten alloy and

usually lighter than the residual metal, rises and collects as a floating layer, which may be run out through a suitable outlet Ij, the metal returning to the electrolytic cell to reconstitute the cathode.

944,481. Process and Apparatus for Artificially Aging or Seasoning Portland Cement. THOMAS -4. EDISOX. Patented Dec. 28, 1909.

Under the present practice, in the manufacture of Portland cement, the freshly ground material is stored in a suitable stock house and is permitted to age or season until it is in condition to be used in construction work or to be submitted to the ordinary tests. The absorption of atmospheric moisture is a slow operation, depending entirely upon the temperature and hygroscopic condition of the air, so that the operation requires considerable time. The object of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus by which this treatment may be performed artificially so that the seasoning or aging of the cement may be effected

76

T H E JOUR-VAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGI;VEERING C H E M I S T R Y .

Feb., 1910

within a short time and at the same time conduct the operations under such exact control that the quality of the product may be regulated within very close limits and the ram material may be treated absolutely independently of the weather conditions, which factor does not need to be considered in the carrying out of the invention. The material to be treated, consisting usually of freshly ground or crushed cement clinker, is fed into the upper end of the cylinder I , by a screw conveyer 7 , which occupies a horizontal tube 8, the inner end of which extends into the end of the cylinder I in close proximity to the bottom thereof. The conveyer 7 may be continuously driven by a belt applied to the pulley 9 and material is continuously supplied thereto by a conveyer I O , which discharges into the feed receptacle I I , the bottom of which communicates with the outer end of the conveyer 7 . The upper end of the cylinder I communicates with a chamber 1 2 having a partition 1 3 which divides the same into the ascending and descending flues 14 and 1 5 , the lower end of the flue 15 opening into a horizontal flue or settling chamber 1 6 , of greater crosssection than the interior of the cylinder I . The bottom of the settling chamber is formed with a longitudinal trough 1 7 , within which is a spiral conveyer 18, driven by the motor 19. Below the discharge end of the conveyer 18 is a transverse trough 2 0 and conveyer Z I for removing the deposited material from the settling chamber.

troduced into the upper end thereof, by the conveyer 7 . The blower 2 3 is continuously driven by a belt 32, and supplies a blast of air to the chamber 24. The air blast passes around and between the pipes 2 5 , which are heated by steam passing therethrough, and steam is admitted to the hot blast from the jets 2 7 . The gases consisting of hot air, substantially saturated with water vapor, pass through the contracted end of the pipe zg into and through the cylinder I , along with the ground cement is passing in a continuous body, by reason of the rotation and inclination thereof. The cement is showered through the hot gases, being carried up from the bottom of the kiln, on account of its rotation, until it falls from the side of the kiln to the bottom, whereby the fine particles are thoroughly exposed t o the action of the heated gases passing through the cylinder. The bulk of material passes through the cylinder from its upper to its lower end, discharging in a continuous stream into the chamber 3 0 from which it is removed by the conveyer 31. A considerable percentage of the ground material is, however, carried by the blast through the flues 1 4 and 1 5 , into the settling chamber 16, where, on account of its increased cross-section, the velocity of the blast is checked and the material settles to the bottom of said chamber, and is removed therefrom continuously by the conveyers 1 8 and 2 1 . The heated air from which the moisture has been extracted by the ground cement then passes through the passage 2 2 and enters the blower 23,

The exit end of the settling chamber 16 communicates through a passage 2 2 with the interior of a rotary exhaust fan or blower 23 which delivers a blast into the chamber 24. Within this chamber and extending across the path of the blast is a set of steam pipes or coils 2 5 , and beyond said steam pipes is a pipe 26, for admitting steam into said chamber in the form of a series of jets 27. The chamber 24 is stationary and rests upon the foundation 28. I n its forward end is a shouldered pipe 29, for reducing the cross-section of the blast, the contracted end of said pipe extending into the lower end of the rotary cylinder I , which end fits within a circular opening formed in the end of the chamber 24. Below the pipes 29, and communicating with t h e end of the cylinder I , is a discharge chamber 30, for receiving material delivered by the cylinder, and at the bottom of said chamber 30, is a screw conveyer 31 for continuously removing the material therefrom. The cylinder I is continuously rotated and ground Portland cement is continuously in-

by which it is driven through the apparatus again in the same manner as before. The air passing through the blower is still at a high temperature and therefore there is a n economy effected in the amount of heat which must be supplied by the steam pipes 25 since the same particles of air are used over and over again, only such fresh air being used a s is necessary to balance the air lost through leakage, the fresh air being drawn in automatically by the blower 23. The temperature of the air may be regulated by the steam pipes 2 j and should be between 1 5 0 and 250' F., preferably about 200' F., as it leaves the chamber 24. The material removed from the apparatus by the conveyers 3 1 and 2 1 may be discharged into a storage warehouse where it is held a sufficient time t o permit a reduction of the amount or degree of exterior hydration of the particles by a slow hydration of the interior thereof by a sort of cementation or progression inward.