RFID Basic


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Young Innovators Competition Power Line Fault Detection (PLFD)

RFID Basic RFID systems consist of the following components:

Chip tags consist of a microchip and a coupling element - an antenna. Most tags are only activated when they are within the interrogation zone of the interrogator; outside they "sleep". Chip tags can be both read-only (programmed during manufacture) or, at higher complexity and cost, readwrite, or both. Chip tags contain memory. The size of the tag depends on the size of the antenna, which increases with range of tag and decreases with frequency.

Depending on the application and technology used, some interrogators not only read, but also remotely write to, the tags. For the majority of low cost tags (tags without batteries), the power to activate the tag microchip is supplied by the reader through the tag antenna when the tag is in the interrogation zone of the reader, as is the timing pulse - these are known as passive tags.

Middleware is the interface needed between the interrogator and the existing company databases and information management software.

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RFID Applications

The RFID lead supply chain promises to enhance visibility at lower cost and effort through a high degree of automation. It can automate processes such as receiving, picking, and tracking involved in automotive value chain. Manufacturers, distributors, and retails can gain extensively from the visibility we provide.

To speed up the checkout process, more and more libraries are beginning to manage inventory by inserting RFID chips on all of their books. Few examples of RFID application in Education and Library system include the following: -

Easy tracking of books Minimizes time spent on library management Tracking school kids

Location-based wireless LANs provide exceptional benefits to corporate enterprises. Not only can they gain from productivity enhancements that come with mobility, but location visibility also enhances wireless security.

Food distributors can have control and traceability they require by fully exploiting bar coding and RFID technology. RFID solution can optimize inventory levels, compress margins due to dumping, and identify food package contents and origin.

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Public organizations that can benefit with higher visibility include healthcare, military, local governments and institutions looking at specialized sectors. Some of the common applications include the following: -

High value and sensitive asset tracking Military personnel tracking

These solutions assist and guide clinicians and administrative staff in health care institutions to overcome difficulties they face in organizing the unpredictable patient-care process and optimizing the use of expensive medical equipment. Also, the use of mobile wireless devices in health care has exploded as the industry equips mobile professionals with tools to become more productive in their work.

Hospitality is another vertical market where RFID has use. -

Customer loyalty cards Easy check in and check out in hotels Luggage tracking Tracking personnel

RFIS tags can be used to enforce law by utilizing the ability of tags to track down humans and other assets. RFID system may locate and track physical evidence, merchandise, information carriers like files, folders or individual pieces of paper, and people, under certain conditions, in near-real time.

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RFID provides a highly sophisticated tracking system for the tracking of numerous samples such as blood and tissue samples that are collected for research or treatment purposes. As research results depend on these samples, accurate tracking and identification of such samples are crucial in these industries. In the healthcare industry, life and death depends on using correct samples such as blood or tissue samples.

Finding the accurate location of an asset is highly beneficial as misled consignments cause millions of dollars in losses each year. Efficient supply-chain operations require competent management of people, equipment, inventory, and processes. This solution can be easily used in parking lots, yards, retail stores, departmental stores, factory shop floors, warehouses, distribution centers, and transportation hubs.

Real time visibility helps cut costs and improve operations in manufacturing environments. This solution is extremely valuable, especially in case of discrete manufacturing where products are customized. Manufacturers can utilize our visibility solutions in the following ways: -

Container management Event monitoring and management Inventory management Resource allocation

RFID-tagged mail provides postal services a better insight into their operations. Such information is also used to produce quality-measurement reports used to settle payment accounts between the countries for delivering mail. Letters have to be attached with an RFID device that will automatically register the letter's location within postal systems. That will allow the authorities to determine precisely how long a letter is in its country of origin, in the recipient country and in transit between two countries. It also allows postal systems to identify and overhaul any bottlenecks.

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Visibility is not a component of just corporate or government facilities, but it is equally necessary in public spaces too. It provides a variety of benefits for the public as well as site owners and operators. Following describe the need of our visibility solution in public spaces: -

Amusement and theme parks Shopping malls Transportation hubs

Wireless technology has been introduced by retailers to improve worker productivity on the retail floor. We provide various solutions for the retail environment, some of them are described below: -

Store-layout analysis Targeted advertising Combating handheld-computer and shopping-cart theft

RFID tracking technology is designed prevent terrorists from sneaking weapons of mass destruction into cargo containers. There is an increased demand for security applications such as homeland security, employee identification, people tracking, and access control.

The transportation industry is always striving to ensure passenger and employee security, reduce loss and theft, streamline cargo processes and more. RFID technology is transforming transportation operations worldwide by providing processes that enable customers to effectively meet these and other challenges.

Using RFID, a warehouse tracking system can be developed to manage warehouse inventory. This system provides real-time inventory routing instructions and movement confirmation to forklift operators without the need for manual compliance. By using RFID readers and proprietary tracking technology, inventory is tracked to within 6 inches of its location, and the information is relayed to the forklift operators via mobile computers in less than one second.

Young Innovators Competition Power Line Fault Detection (PLFD)

Balancing supply, demand, and customer service requires real-time information and operational control. This solution puts wholesalers in control with bar code and smart label systems that track and route materials from receiving to storage and final shipping.

Young Innovators Competition Power Line Fault Detection (PLFD)

Real-Time Locating Systems (RTLS) RTLS are used to automatically identify and track the location of objects or people in real time, usually within a building or other contained area. Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people, and in most RTLS, fixed reference points receive wireless signals from tags to determine their location. Examples of real-time locating systems include tracking automobiles through an assembly line, locating pallets of merchandise in a warehouse, or finding medical equipment in a hospital.

The physical layer of RTLS technology is usually some form of radio frequency (RF) communication, but some systems use optical (usually infrared) or acoustic (usually ultrasound) technology instead of or in addition to RF. Tags and fixed reference points can be transmitters, receivers, or both, resulting in numerous possible technology combinations. RTLS are a form of local positioning system, and do not usually refer to GPS, mobile phone tracking. Location information usually does not include speed, direction, or spatial orientation.

RF trilateration uses estimated ranges from multiple receivers to estimate the location of a tag. RF triangulation uses the angles at which the RF signals arrive at multiple receivers to estimate the location of a tag. Many obstructions, such as walls or furniture, can distort the estimated range and angle readings leading to varied qualities of location estimate. Estimation-based locating is often measured in accuracy for a given distance, such as 90% accurate for 10 meter range. Systems that use locating technologies that do not go through walls, such as infrared or ultrasound, tend to be more accurate in an indoor environment because only tags and receivers that have line of sight (or near line of sight) can communicate.

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RTLS can be used numerous logistical or operational areas such as:       



locating assets within a facility, such as finding a misplaced tool cart in a warehouse notification of new locations, such as an alert if a tool cart improperly has left the facility to combine identity of multiple items placed in a single location, such as on a pallet to locate customers, for example in a restaurant, for delivery of food or service. to maintain proper staffing levels of operational areas, such as ensuring guards are in the proper locations in a correctional facility to quickly and automatically account for all staff after or during an emergency evacuation to automatically track and time stamp the progress of people or assets through a process, such as following a patient's emergency room wait time, time spent in the operating room, and total time until discharge. Such a system can be used for process improvement. clinical-grade locating to support acute care capacity management.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications. The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid. Things, in the IoT, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, automobiles with built-in sensors, or field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and rescue. Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that utilize wifi for remote monitoring.

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Environmental Monitoring Infrastructure Management Industrial Applications Energy Management Medical and Healthcare Systems Building and Home Automation Transport Systems Large Scale Deployments

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http://www.nakatech.com.my/rfid-tech http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_locating_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things