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The AWEsome Guide to Ag Water Efficiency Harlingen Irrigation District Office
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F O R S U R F A BCu E W A T E R I R R I G A T O R S s
77 G R A N D E V A L L E Y IN THE RIO
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AND BEYOND
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Published August 2015
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FOR SURFACE WATER IRRIGATORS IN T H E R I O G R A N D E VA L L E Y — A N D B E YO N D
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This publication presents a quick look at key findings from a multi-year research project administered by the Harlingen Irrigation District under an Agricultural Water Conservation Demonstration Initiative grant from the Texas Water Development Board. The project eventually came to be known as the Texas Project for Ag Water Efficiency, or Texas AWE.
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 1 THE TEAM............................................................................................................................................. 2 SECTION ONE: FOR PRODUCERS....................................................................................................... 4 B
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Additional funding and services were provided by the Harlingen Irrigation District, Rio Grande Basin Initiative, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Texas A&M– Kingsville, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Citrus Producers Board, Bayer Crop Science, Texas Water Resources Institute, and Texas Department of Agriculture.
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77 & THE RGV..................................................................................................... 5 CITRUS, WATER
THE HOW & WHY OF SURGE..................................................................................................... 8
SHOW ME THE MONEY........................................................................................................... 10
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62 CUSTOM, AFFORDABLE, AUTOMATED GATES..................................................................... 14
TELEMETRY & SCADA............................................................................................................ 15
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THE GM’S CHALLENGE..................................................................................................................... 20
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Written, designed and produced by WaterPR in association with the Harlingen Irrigation District.
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The complete TWDB Final Report for Agricultural Water Conservation Grant Contract " #0503580013 Alderdice\Theme in the Lower Rio Grande Valley can be found on the website of the Texas Water Development Board. (http://www.twdb.texas.gov/conservation/agriculture/demonstration/lower-rio-grande-valley.asp)
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SECTION TWO: FOR IRRIGATION DISTRICTS.................................................................................. 12
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Harlingen Irrigation District 301 E. Pierce Harlingen, TX 78550 Arroyo Stub Check 956-423-7015 " Wayne Halbert, General Manager Check " Arroyo Tom McLemore, Project Manager
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to Ag Water Efficiency
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INTRODUCTION
We’ve already seen it—severe drought leading to water restrictions for growers. These hot, dry weather patterns are projected to continue in years to come, occasionally punctuated by severe storms and flooding. And if recent history is any indication, we cannot count on releases of water from Mexico, despite the 1944 Treaty. Once you add the impact of exploding population growth on the water supply, it’s clear that we need to become more efficient in moving water and irrigating our crops in the Rio Grande Valley. Agriculture is the lifeblood of the Lower Rio Grande Valley and a pillar of the Texas economy. Preparing for future water shortages now and managing on-farm irrigation for water efficiency is essential for the future of this region and the future of Texas.
I think it’s essential that everybody begin conserving water now and not wait until it gets crunch time. JIM HOFFMAN, PRODUCER
A ten-year study by the Harlingen Irrigation District, funded by the Texas Water Development Board, found excellent opportunities for increasing efficiency and water conservation. The Harlingen Irrigation District has already made significant improvements in the way it manages and delivers water, as several other irrigation districts are doing as well. The study’s research team also identified several low-cost methods for managing on-farm irrigation that not only save water, but can also improve product quality and enhance net cash farm income. This little AWEsome book is a guide to potentially big water savings through proven practices—both on-farm and in-district. Sometimes small changes can have a big impact —especially when they’re implemented region-wide. Let’s get started. -1-
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HATS OFF TODump THE TEAM Check FM 106 "
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Below is an acknowledgement of the many dedicated people—cooperators, researchers and "" contract partners—who worked long and hard to analyze and evaluate irrigation practices Parkwood Check that use less water, while maintaining or improving crop yield and quality.
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District Personnel Wayne Halbert Tom McLemore Heather Jones Stock Rich Keating Danny Allen Bu Billy Schnable s 7 Kathy Steward 7 Christina Valdez
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Dr. Shad Nelson – Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center Dr. Juan Enciso – Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Dr. Al Blair – Axiom-Blair Engineering Dr. Steven Klose – Texas A&M FM AgriLife Extension Service 3 Terry Lockamy – Texas A&M46 2 AgriLife Extension Service Enrique Perez – Cameron County Extension Dean Santisteven – USDA-NRCS Philip Stewart – USDA-NRCS Andy Garza – TSSWCB Tom McLemore – HID Project Manager
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Advisory Committee Members Chris Allen – Cooperator Danny Allen – Cooperator Edward Bauer – Grower Sam Morrow – Cooperator Dale Murden – Rio Farms General Manager Sam Ruiz – Cooperator Harold Siever – Cooperator Leonard Simmons – Cooperator Tom Wetegrove – Grower Troy Allen – Delta Lake Irrigation BU S District Manager 77 Ray Prewett – Texas Citrus Mutual
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Research Team Dr. Shad Nelson, Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center Dr. Juan Enciso and Xavier Peries, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Weslaco Mac Young and Dr. Steven Klose, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, FARM Assistance
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Producers Leading the Way Tommy Bradford Mark Fryer Jim Hoffman Sam Morrow Jimmy Pawlik Sam Sparks
Funders Harlingen Irrigation District Rio Grande Basin Initiative U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Texas A&M–Kingsville Texas Citrus Producers Board Bayer Crop Science Texas Water Resources Institute Texas Department of Agriculture Texas Water Development Board
Collaborative Partners & Contractors Arroyo Colorado Partnership Axiom-Blair Engineering Cameron County Extension Citrus Producers Board Delta Lake Irrigation District Rio Farms, Inc. Rio Grande Basin Initiative Rio Grande Regional Water Authority Rio Grande Regional Planning Group (Region M) Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service AgriLife’s Financial and Risk Management (FARM) Assistance Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center Texas Citrus Mutual Texas Department of Agriculture Texas Farm Bureau Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board Texas Water Resources Institute U.S. Bureau of Reclamation USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service WaterPR -3-
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SECTION ONE:
Narrow Border Flood
For Producers
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Narrow Border Flood irrigation in citrus orchards can save a third
of the water used in traditional large-pan flood irrigation. Not only is
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Findings from the ten-year Agricultural Water Conservation
this method relatively easy to implement, it can bring big savings. Texas AWE demonstrations showed that Narrow Border Flood can save on fertilizer and deliver increased yields of better
499 to save water, Demonstration Initiative offer growers provenLoop ways
quality fruit, resulting in a higher net cash farm income.
enhance yields and product quality, as well as improve net cash farm " US 77
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income. This segment describes these water efficiency methods and
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sh ineat TexasAWE.org. information about each practice can be found ip
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WATER UNDER THE TREE CANOPY WITH NARROW BORDER FLOOD.
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LARGE-PAN FLOOD IRRIGATION.
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irrigation works. Raised berms Parkwood Check are created between each row of
Farmers can also squeeze water-savings out of citrus irrigation with a technique called Partial
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Partial Root-Zone Drying
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trees so water can be channeled
NBF WITH RAISED BERMS BETWEEN ROWS
underneath the canopies where the
Root-Zone Drying. This method alternates watering schedules from one side of the tree row to the other — from week to week, or as rain events and soil moisture dictate.
roots absorb it. By reducing the
When tree rows are alternately irrigated from side to side, the roots sense water stress and respond with
surface area that’s flooded, farmers
increased stomatal closure. This reduces evapotranspiration and preserves water in the tree longer.
can irrigate just as effectively
Water savings from Partial Root-Zone
with less water. This technique
Drying can reach up to 40 percent
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drip and micro-jet systems, while at the
they are needed, allowing farmers
same time preserving fruit yield, quality
to use less. WATERING UNDER TREE CANOPY
If all 27,000 acres of citrus cultivation in the Rio Grande Valley
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TARGETING ROOT ZONE SAVES WATER
PARTIAL ROOT-ZONE DRYING.
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THE HOW & WHY OF SURGE
the end of the row on both sides. These quick shots of water seem to seal the soil, with each subsequent shot
consumption by 22 to 52 percent for3a Check variety of crops, including Canal
It is calculated that about 27 percent of irrigation water in the Rio Grande Valley is consumed by cotton and
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could be achieved.
On-Farm Demonstration Results for Surge vs. Furrow Flood Irrigation
In the future, as demand grows across water user groups throughout the Valley, the cost of water will likely
infiltrating less. This results in significantly less water lost to deep seepage and at the end of the furrow.
sugar cane. If surge irrigation were used on just these two crops, a water savings of 86,000 acre-feet per year
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Furrow*
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Savings with surge
Sugarcane (2005)
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increase and irrigation districts will move to volumetric pricing, making water-saving surge valves an essential tool for growers.
Solar-powered Valve The surge valve is operated by a motorized controller, which switches the
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irrigation from one side of the field to the other at prescribed times. The
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valve is powered by a solar-collector attached to a battery and is relatively maintenance free.
at the end of the row. The longer the row, the longer it takes water
To thoseF who are hesitant to implement surge valves M
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Surge valves send water a short distance down one side of the field,
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SURGE IRRIGATION IS AN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY FOR ACHIEVING OPTIMUM
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In furrow irrigation, water is typically lost to seepage or tailed off
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*Volume of water used per acre (in acre-inches)
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Surge Irrigation for Water Savings
Harlingen Irrigation Dump Check FM 106 Putting surge valves to work in furrow irrigation can cut water " District Office
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SHOW ME THE MONEY
The Texas AWE study has proven that efficient irrigation techniques, like Narrow Border
Currently, the low price of water makes it difficult for growers to justify spending money on surge valves
Flood, can increase net cash farm income. Other tools, like surge valves, will save farmers
to improve water efficiency. But with recurring drought, population growth, and the uncertainty of water
money in the future as water prices rise.
releases from Mexico, water shortages are increasing—and the cost of water is likely to go up. When this
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Net cash farm income 68% higher with narrow border flood vs. flood irrigation
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AUTOMATION AT WORK
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For Irrigation Districts
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SECTION TWO:
pump houses—all networked by telemetry stations
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and remotely controlled via Supervisory Control
project were the opportunities for saving water within irrigation
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
district operations. This segment describes the automation
The automated system alerts staff to problems
and technological improvements key to increased efficiency.
for remote areas of the system. Using a smart
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the status of just about everything in the delivery system—from anywhere at any time. HID estimates that by enabling rapid response and preventing overflows on remote lateral canals, the automated system saves 40 to 70 acre-feet of
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that could trigger overflows, especially important
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water per irrigation period. In 2011, after one year of operating the automated system, the District saw "
an increase in efficiency of more than 20 percent,
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saving approximately 20,000 acre-feet of water.
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CUSTOM, AFFORDABLE, AUTOMATED GATES AUTOMATION AT WORK
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push-button controls. The efficiencies were immediately apparent—the auto-gate was considerably
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easier to operate and produced results in a fraction of the time needed to manually change the original, heavy wooden gates.
Information technology takes efficiency to the next level FM 34 62 Automating system operations can help irrigation districts reduce losses and improve efficiency. Add telemetry and SCADA to automated gates
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Automated canal check gates have revolutionized water delivery in the Harlingen Irrigation District.
and you have a comprehensive automated information system that
supply power to the actuator—ideal for remote areas that don’t have access to power lines. Water level sensors, telemetry and control hardware can be used to fully
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remote sources by wire, radio or other similar means. SCADA allows district personnel to monitor and control sites spread over a large geographical area.
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are available at TexasAWE.org.
Solar panels and/or wind generators
Telemetry is the automatic measurement and transmission of data from
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designed to use readily available, off-the-shelf components for a low cost of $3,500 per gate (including
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Using telemetry and SCADA, Harlingen Irrigation District has networked the pumps, auto-gates, water sensors and other components of its conveyance system. The networked system reports water volume deliveries to selected areas of the district, readily enabling an anticipated move to volumetric pricing. ABOVE: REMOTE WATER
automate the gates for remote
LEVEL SENSOR.
operation. District staff can set the
BELOW: VARIABLE-SPEED
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PUMP CONTROL SOFTWARE
in response to changed water levels,
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charged and at an optimal
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THE CENTER FOR AWE
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In addition to hands-on demonstrations, a classroom is available where the Center hosts technology
Irrigation District’s main pumping station in Los Indios, is Texas’ only meter calibration facility.
workshops, trainings and meetings. The Center for AWE is a resource for the Rio Grande Valley and
Modeled after the only other two such facilities in the United States, the Center is designed to
is expected to continue as an essential location for testing and training on agricultural water efficiency
Equipped with working flumes, multiple pipe sizes, and the ability to control variable water flow rates through the system, the Center for AWE offers training for irrigation district personnel, technology
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demonstrations for growers, and calibration of a number of different meter types.
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This is where you can see demonstrations of a working flume system equipped with the District" designed automated gates and the SCADA system. District personnelCheck experienced in their Alderdice\Theme
construction, use and installation are available to talk with visitors, and demonstrations or training
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Weather Stations Help Take Guesswork Out of Crop Management Farmers are always talking about the weather. Now, technology is making it possible for weather to talk to the farmer. A multi-measurement, high-tech weather station that sits near the FM Rio
Grande Center for AWE can help take a lot of guesswork out of crop34water
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requirements, irrigation timing, and general crop management for Valley
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sessions can be scheduled upon request.
technologies for years to come.
growers. It is part of a network of weather stations in the Rio Grande Valley
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solar radiation, wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity,
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the main crops found grown in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Knowing
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replicate field situations where measuring water volume is critical—for both growers and other
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how much water has been lost through evapotranspiration helps farmers determine their water needs and schedule irrigations accordingly. Comprehensive data and irrigation guidelines are available online at: http://southtexasweather.tamu.edu/ - 17 -
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Agriculture in Texas has always
improvements have already been implemented by the Harlingen Irrigation District. Other districts can
It is the biggest driver of the economy in the Rio Grande B
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Valley—a $396 million industry 7
This 10-year project also gave regional agricultural experts the opportunity to study a number of low-cost
As water supplies get squeezed
methods for managing on-farm irrigation that can actually improve product quality and enhance net cash
and farmers are required to do
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learn about these technologies at the Rio Grande Center for AWE and on the project website (TexasAWE.org).
heavily reliant on water.
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every drop.
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Municipal/Industrial Water*
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FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE LOWER
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DECLINE OF WATER AVAILABILITY
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Irrigation Water
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THIS CHART SHOWS THE PROJECTED
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2020
map to getting the most out of
as a result of both urbanization of lands and increasing pressure on the region’s water resources. Supplies available to irrigators are curtailed significantly in drought years.”
2010
findings will serve as a road
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the largest water demand in Region M (1.4 million acre feet per year in 2020), but is projected to decrease
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to the Rio Grande Valley Regional Water Planning Group’s 2016 Preliminary Plan, “irrigation represents
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These enhancements and demonstrations come at an opportune time for the Rio"Grande Valley. According Alderdice\Theme Check
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more with less, these project
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farm income—in addition to saving water.
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been and will continue to be a foundation of our state’s economy.
Significant opportunities for increasing the efficiency of water delivery systems were found, and many
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The Texas Project for Ag Water Efficiency has been a game-changer for agricultural " water efficiency
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millions of AF/year
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water to farms and that producers can use to more precisely apply that water to their crops.
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Our progress in large part was due to teamwork and regional partnerships—acknowledged
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earlier in this AWEsome Guide. These kinds of regional partnerships are exactly what is needed to keep Texas AWE working for the Rio Grande Valley past the initial grant project.
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Ten years of funding for the Texas Project for Ag Water Efficiency has come to a successful end.
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As our good friend Carlos Rubinstein has noted recently, there are tremendous opportunities "
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for partnerships between agricultural and municipal interests on efficient water use along the Rio Grande. ‘Regional projects and partnerships between cities and districts will be better able to compete’ for funding from SWIFT funds, says Carlos, ‘these are the type of things we’re looking for at the Texas Water Development Board.’
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WAYNE HALBERT, HID GENERAL MANAGER
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conservation for the Rio Grande Valley.
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Harlingen Irrigation District 301 E. Pierce Harlingen, TX 78550 956-423-7015
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To learn more about narrow border flood, surge, auto-gates, or any of the water-saving methods discussed in this booklet, visit TexasAWE.org. You’ll find fact sheets, videos, and detailed reports on the research. If you’re looking for information on the automated gates and telemetry system, you can get free instructions with parts lists, drawings, and other supporting information from the website or the District office:
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Figure 1:
For information on the Rio Grande Center for Ag Water Efficiency, visit hidcc1.org/node/31 Automation & Telemetry or email the District at
[email protected]
in Harlingen Irrigation District
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TexasAWE.org
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TWDB.texas.gov/conservation/agriculture/
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