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Influence of Tectonics and Climate Evolution on Clastic Sediment Source-to-Sink Relationships in the Eastern Mediterranean
Source-to-Sink of the Eastern Mediterranean
Tanin
Aphrodite
Karish
Tamar & Tamar SW
Leviathan
Dalit Dolphin
Noa Gaza Marine
Pinnacles & Mari-B
Spectrum seismic line (Hodgson 2012)
Gardosh et al.(2008) channels (Top Lower Miocene depth map)
The big question... TECTONICS & HINTERLAND EVOLUTION
WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF THE LOWER MIOCENE SEDIMENTS? CLIMATE & OCEAN CURRENTS
The contenders... The Nile The Red Sea Rift Sinai The Levant Margin W. Syria & S. Turkey Cyprus
Landscape and Drainage Analysis of the Eastern Mediterranean
Datasets and processing Stream networks & drainage basins generated from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM)
SRTM 30
SRTM 3
Resolution Focus of study is the Levant Basin • More detail for the focus area SRTM 3 • Analysis of the entire Nile SRTM 30
Filling voids & sinks Voids: areas with no data Sinks: Natural (e.g. lakes, internally draining basins) Data artefacts (usually from areas of steep topography) All must be “filled” to be able to generate meaningful stream networks.
Internally draining areas in Levant Margin Dead Sea & Sea of Galilee Wadi Taiyba & Sirhan Es-Safa Volcanic Cone radial drainage
Drainage patterns
“Drainage systems have a heritage rather than an origin” (Summerfield, 1991)
Antecedent Drainage Potomac/Shenandoah River Confluence at Harper Ferry, Maryland/Virginia
Parallel Drainage
Barbed Confluences
Nyong River, West Africa
Barbed Confluences
Nyong River, West Africa
Barbed Confluences
Barbed Confluences
Nyong River, West Africa
Elbows of capture and wind-gaps I
Elbows of capture and wind-gaps II
Elbows of capture and wind-gaps III
Hypsometry Tana River
Nyong River
River Long Profiles
Orange River
Topographic Derivatives
Low Pass Filter (50 km)
High Pass Filter (50 km)
Topographic Profile Analysis
The contenders... The Nile The Red Sea Rift Sinai The Levant Margin W. Syria & S. Turkey Cyprus
The Red Sea Rift / Sinai
Palaeogeographic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean
Palaeogeography
Danian (65 Ma)
Paleocene: Danian 65 Ma
Selandian (61 Ma)
Paleocene: Selandian 61 Ma
Thanetian (59 Ma)
Paleocene: Thanetian 59 Ma
Ypresian (56 Ma)
Eocene: Ypresian 56 Ma
Lutetian (49 Ma)
Eocene: Lutetian 49 Ma
Bartonian (40 Ma)
Eocene: Bartonian 40 Ma
Priabonian (37 Ma)
Eocene: Priabonian 37 Ma
Rupelian (34 Ma)
Oligocene: Rupelian 34 Ma
Chattian (28 Ma)
Oligocene: Chattian 28 Ma
Aquitanian (23 Ma)
Miocene: Aquitanian 23 Ma
Burdigalian (20 Ma)
Miocene: Burdigalian 20 Ma
Langhian (19 Ma)
Miocene: Langhian 16 Ma
Serravalian (14 Ma)
Miocene: Serravalian 14 Ma
Tortonian (12 Ma)
Miocene: Tortonian 12 Ma
Messinian (7 Ma)
Miocene: Messinian 7 Ma
Zanclean (5 Ma)
Pliocene: Zanclean 5 Ma
Piacenzian (3 Ma)
Pliocene: Piacenzian 3 Ma
Last Glacial Maximum (25-13 ka)
Last Glacial Maximum 25 – 13 ka
Global Palaeotide Modelling results
Acquitanian Tidal Bedshear Stress Maximum Magnitude
Serravallian Tidal Bedshear Stress Maximum Magnitude
Palaeoclimatic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean
Palaeoclimate
Global Palaeoclimate
(22 Ma)
(14 Ma)
Conclusions • NW-SE depositional trend • Margin not Lower Miocene sediment source • Nile and/or Arabian shield most likely sediment sources • Many phases to Nile evolution • Long lived sediment traps on Levant Margin • Consider the regional picture: • Start of reservoir development... • ... and cessation • Climate also has an effect
New Report
Hydrocarbon Maturation and Migration History of Northern Arabia • Co-author: Saad Jassim • 3D basin modelling • History of hydrocarbon expulsion, migration, accumulation, breaching and re-migration in the northern Arabian Plate • Syria • SE Turkey • Northern Iraq
Thank you for your time. Any questions?