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URBAN AGE CITY TRANSFORMATIONS CONFERENCE October 2013
Philipp Rode LSE Cities Equity by urban form and transport access: A comparative perspective All rights are reserved by the presenter www.lsecities.net
EQUITY BY URBAN FORM AND TRANSPORT a comparative perspective of access to the city
Urban Age City Transformations Conference Rio de Janeiro, 24 October 2013 Philipp Rode, LSE Cities / Urban Age Programme London School of Economics and Political Science
1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?
DIMENSION OF ACCESSIBILITY
1. Physical distance 2. Time 3. Cost 4. Reliability 5. Service frequency 6. Physical comfort 7. Safety 8. Security 9. Convenience
1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?
SAO PAULO 19.9m Metropolitan Population
$ 18,116 Economic Output [GVA per capita]
0.63 Income Inequality [Gini Index]
ISTANBUL 13.9m Metropolitan Population
$ 9,368 Economic Output [GVA per capita]
0.43 Income Inequality [Gini Index]
MUMBAI 21.0m Metropolitan Population
$ 1,550 Economic Output [GVA per capita]
0.35 Income Inequality [Gini Index]
URBAN FORM - RESIDENTIAL DENSITY
SAO PAULO
ISTANBUL
MUMBAI
10,376
20,128
25,316
Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]
Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]
Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]
29,700
77,300
121,300
Max. Density [pers./sqkm]
Max. Density [pers./sqkm]
Max. Density [pers./sqkm]
RAIL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND MOBILITY PATTERNS
SAO PAULO
ISTANBUL
MUMBAI
distance to city centre (metres)
EDUCATION LEVEL AND DISTANCE TO CITY CENTRE
distance to rapid transit (metres)
EDUCATION LEVEL AND DISTANCE TO RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK
Access to services (min)
EDUCATION LEVEL AND ACCESS TO SERVICES
1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?
BOGOTA TRANSMILENIO
RIO DE JANEIRO LONDON SISTEMA BRT CROSSRAIL
$ 785m
$ 2,300m
Total Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs
87
159
System Kilometres
System Kilometres
36,000
30,000
Capacity [pphpd]
Capacity [pphpd]
$ 23,300m Total Capital Costs
97 System Kilometres
36,000 Capacity [pphpd]
BOGOTA – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND TRANSMILENIO
TransMilenio Lines
RIO DE JANEIRO – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND SISTEMA BRT
Note: Data based on average incomes for each statistical cell
LONDON – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CROSSRAIL
Note: Data based on average deprivation levels for each statistical cell
Source: Savills
LONDON GENTRIFICATION 2001-2011
Photo: Richard Hooker