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URBAN AGE CITY TRANSFORMATIONS CONFERENCE October 2013

Philipp Rode LSE Cities Equity by urban form and transport access: A comparative perspective All rights are reserved by the presenter www.lsecities.net

EQUITY BY URBAN FORM AND TRANSPORT a comparative perspective of access to the city

Urban Age City Transformations Conference Rio de Janeiro, 24 October 2013 Philipp Rode, LSE Cities / Urban Age Programme London School of Economics and Political Science

1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?

DIMENSION OF ACCESSIBILITY

1. Physical distance 2. Time 3. Cost 4. Reliability 5. Service frequency 6. Physical comfort 7. Safety 8. Security 9. Convenience

1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?

SAO PAULO 19.9m Metropolitan Population

$ 18,116 Economic Output [GVA per capita]

0.63 Income Inequality [Gini Index]

ISTANBUL 13.9m Metropolitan Population

$ 9,368 Economic Output [GVA per capita]

0.43 Income Inequality [Gini Index]

MUMBAI 21.0m Metropolitan Population

$ 1,550 Economic Output [GVA per capita]

0.35 Income Inequality [Gini Index]

URBAN FORM - RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

SAO PAULO

ISTANBUL

MUMBAI

10,376

20,128

25,316

Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]

Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]

Avg. density central area of 10 km radius [pers./sqkm]

29,700

77,300

121,300

Max. Density [pers./sqkm]

Max. Density [pers./sqkm]

Max. Density [pers./sqkm]

RAIL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND MOBILITY PATTERNS

SAO PAULO

ISTANBUL

MUMBAI

distance to city centre (metres)

EDUCATION LEVEL AND DISTANCE TO CITY CENTRE

distance to rapid transit (metres)

EDUCATION LEVEL AND DISTANCE TO RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK

Access to services (min)

EDUCATION LEVEL AND ACCESS TO SERVICES

1. To what extent is accessibility in different cities mitigating or exacerbating social inequalities? 2. How are different transport projects improving city access for disadvantaged populations and how socially progressive are related investments?

BOGOTA TRANSMILENIO

RIO DE JANEIRO LONDON SISTEMA BRT CROSSRAIL

$ 785m

$ 2,300m

Total Capital Costs

Total Capital Costs

87

159

System Kilometres

System Kilometres

36,000

30,000

Capacity [pphpd]

Capacity [pphpd]

$ 23,300m Total Capital Costs

97 System Kilometres

36,000 Capacity [pphpd]

BOGOTA – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND TRANSMILENIO

TransMilenio Lines

RIO DE JANEIRO – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND SISTEMA BRT

Note: Data based on average incomes for each statistical cell

LONDON – SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CROSSRAIL

Note: Data based on average deprivation levels for each statistical cell

Source: Savills

LONDON GENTRIFICATION 2001-2011

Photo: Richard Hooker